61 Mo. App. 409 | Mo. Ct. App. | 1895
—This is an action for the recovery of treble damages for trespasses committed in cutting timber on the plaintiff’s lands. The answer is a general denial, and states, as an affirmative defense, that the defendant purchased the timber from plaintiff through one Bean, who, at the time, was plaintiff’s agent. The answer also sets up the statute of limitation of three years, but that defense was abandoned at the trial. The cause was tried by jury, who found for the defendant. The plaintiff appeals, and assigns the following errors: The overruling of his application for a continuance; the admission of illegal evidence; the giving of erroneous instructions.
It is conceded by all the evidence that the plaintiff, who is a resident of London, England, was, at the date of the alleged trespasses, the owner of the land whereon the timber was cut. It is also conceded by all the evidence that Bean was his agent at the date of the alleged purchase by the defendant. The only controversy at the trial was touching the extent of Bean’s authority as agent, and touching the value of the timber cut. The plaintiff contended that Bean had only authority to negotiate a sale subject to his approval, while the defendant contended that Bean’s authority extended to a sale of the timber without such approval.
The defendant contends that there was no error in this ruling, because the granting of continuances rests in the sound discretion of the court, and it appeared in this case that-prior suits had been instituted for the same trespasses. The difficulty with that argument is that it nowhere appears that the defense now relied on was ever interposed in a former suit. Courts unquestionably have a discretion in granting or denying continuances, but such discretion is judicial and subject to review. Tunstall v. Hamilton, 8 Mo. 500; Barnum v. Adams, 31 Mo. 532; State v. Lewis, 74 Mo. 222; State v. Anderson, 96 Mo. 241. In Bartholow v. Campbell, 56 Mo. 117, cited by respondent, the affidavit-failed to show that the same facts could not be proved by other witnesses, and failed to show due diligence. In Leabo v. Goode, 67 Mo. 126, likewise cited, the affidavit also failed to show due diligence. In the case
As above seen, the controversy at the trial was not touching Bean’s agency, but touching the extent of his authority. The court, against the plaintiff’s objection, permitted a number of witnesses to state that Bean was the recognized agent of the plaintiff in that community, and that Bean had made other sales of timber for the plaintiff' in that neighborhood, without showing that the plaintiff had ratified such other sales, or even that he knew of them. All this was error. The scope of an agent’s authority can not be shown by his unauthorized declarations or unauthorized acts. Farrar v. Kramer, 5 Mo. App. 167; Williams v. Edwards, 94 Mo. 447. The rule of holding out only applies when the principal has knowledge of what the agent does; but here the principal was beyond seas all the time, and there is> no pretense that - he was advised of his agent’s acts, except by correspondence. The plaintiff’s letters to Bean were offered in evidence by the defendant, and fail to show that Bean had authority to sell the plaintiff’s land or timber without approval of the latter. Growing timber, in this state, is real estate and can be disposed of only by instruments effectual to convey an interest in real estate. Deland v. Vanstone, 26 Mo. App. 297.
“The court instructs you' that, before you can find defendant guilty of the trespass complained of, you must believe, and find, from the evidence, that he entered upon said land knowing he had no title, right or interest, in the timber growing thereon, and cut and removed the same; and if from the evidence you find that, in cutting said timber, he was acting under the honest belief that he had bought it, and that it was his and paid for, then your verdict must be for defendant.’’
If the facts stated in that instruction were true, the defendant would be relieved from treble damages, but he would still be liable for single damages. Austin v. Mining Company, 72 Mo. 535.
We will say in conclusion, with a view of facilitating the amicable adjustment of this controversy, that the evidence presented at the trial does not indicate that plaintiff has a cause of action for treble damages.
All the judges concurring, the judgment is reversed and the cause remanded.