11 Ga. App. 75 | Ga. Ct. App. | 1912
Allen was convicted on an accusation charging a violation of the game law of this State, as embodied in the act of 1911 (Acts 1911, p. 137), and the case is here on exception to the judgment overruling his motion for a new trial. The -specific charge against the accused was a violation of section 12 of the act, which makes it a misdemeanor for any person “to purchase or sell, or export for sale, or offer to sell,” any of the game birds or animals mentioned in section 11 of the act, and also a violation of section 14 of the act, which makes it a misdemeanor for any person to have in his possession any of the game birds or animals'
The case, on the facts, was submitted to the judge without the intervention of a jury, and he held, that “the purpose of the act of 1911 was to forbid the sale or purchase at any time, and the having in possession during the closed season, of any of the game birds or animals described in the act, without regard to the place where billed or captured, whether within or without the State.” Before coming to the construction of the act in question, certain general principles may be stated that are well settled.
1. From the days of feudalism in England, as well as on the continent of Europe, the right to acquire ownership in game or animals ferae naturae was recognized as being subject to governmental authority and under its regulation and control. See Geer v. Connecticut, 161 U. S. 523 (16 Sup. Ct. 600, 40 L. ed. 794), in which there is a very learned and interesting opinion by the present Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court. In England the ownership of game is vested in the sovereign power, and individual right thereto has always been held subject either to regulation or restriction. 2 Blackstone’s Commentaries, 394, 410; Magner v. People, 97 Ill. 333. In the United States the ownership of game is in the people of, each State, and no person has any private right in or title to the game, and it is held by the State as the sovereign authority, in trust for all the people in the State. It follows, therefore, that each State has a right to enact such laws for the protection of its game as to it seems best for the accomplishment of that purpose. And this includes the right not only to prohibit the killing or taking of the game by the citizen, but its importation or exportation. Even before the passage of the
2. Learned counsel for the plaintiff in error, in his argument and brief, concedes the right of the State to legislate on the subject, but insists that in the enactment of the statute now under consideration the legislature of this State legislated. with knowledge of the provisions of the Lacey act, and it is earnestly insisted that the omission by the legislature to expressly prohibit the importation of game into this State from other States or foreign countries was evidence of a legislative purpose not to make such importation unlawful, and that this view of the legislative intent is strengthened by the fact that the statute did expressly prohibit the exportation of game. Counsel insists that such a provision can not be properly written into the act of 1911 by judicial construction. In support of this contention, attention is called to the fact that wherever the courts have held that the prohibitory terms of the act apply to game taken or captured without the limits of the State or in foreign countries, the acts in question contained provisions making their prohibitive terms applicable to game killed or captured in foreign countries or other States where the killing or capturing was lawful, and subsequently brought into the State
Looking to the terms of the act itself, we are clear that it was the legislative purpose to prohibit the sale in this State at any time of any of the game or animals enumerated, regardless of the place where killed or captured. The language of the act is explicit and leaves no room for construction, and this court is not at liberty, even if it felt disposed to do so, to place a limitation on the meaning of the legislature, not authorized by the act itself and directly contrary to its express terms. If the lawmakers intended to make it lawful to allow game to be brought into this State and sold here, they would have so declared, for it was matter of great importance.