| Ala. | Dec 15, 1823
delivered the opinion of the Court.
This was an action of assumpsit, brought in Madison County Court by Dickson, on apromissory Note of Allen’s payable to William Moore, for $50, to be paid when the seat of justice for Lawrence County should be fixed at Moulton.
The declaration avers no consideration for the Note, and avers that the seat of Justice for Lawrence County was fix-at the town of Moulton, on the-day of-in the year-The assignment of the Note by Moore, and notice to the maker, &c. Allen plead non assumpsit; a verdict was rendered against him for $58^0%. He filed reasons in arrest of judgment: 1st, That no sufficient cause of action is averred in the declaration. 2d, There is no'averment that the Note was given on any consideration : which the County Court overruled, and he now assigns this matter as Error. *
It is urged in support of the first reason that the declaration does not state the time when the seat of justice was fixed at Moulton, nor that the defendant being indebted on said Note, “ in consideration thereof, then, and there, pro- “ raised to pay,” &c.
After stating the assumpsit as expressed in the Note, a statement of super se assumpsit in consideration thereof, would have been mere repetition. By the Note, the maker promised to pay on the happening of a certain event. The declaration avers that it has happened, but does not state at what time. The plea put in issue the whole matter of the .plaintiffs cause of action as alleged. The Jury have found that the defendant did assume as in the declaration stated, and have assessed the damages which the plaintiff has Sustained by the breach of the contract. The declaration avers that the seat of justice had been fixed at Moulton. The verdict finds the averments of the declaration. to be true. It must then have been proved to the satisfaction of the Jury, and of the Court who tried .the cause, that it had been so fixed before the institution of the suit.
The second point calls our attention to a question which has not heretofore been investigated by this Court. In declaring on a promissory Note, is it necessary to aver on what consideration it was given- ? We conceive that this question rests on the construction of one of our Statutes, and not on the doctrine at common law.
By the. Act of 1811 regulating Judicial proceedings, (Laws Ala. 462, sec. 3,) it is provided “ that whenever any “ suit shall be depending in any of the Courts of this territo- “ ry having jurisdiction thereof, founded on any writing, whe- “ ther the same be under seal or not, the Court before whom *■ the same is pending shall receive such writing as evidence “ of the debt or duty for which it was given ; and it shall not “ be lav/ful for the defendant or defendants many such “ suit to deny the execution; of such writing, unless it be by “ plea supported by the affidavit of the party,” &c„
What is a debt or duty ? We would answer: a debt is a legal liability to pay a specific sum of money; a duty, (as the term is here used) is a legal obligation to perform some act. If the Court before which the suit is depending must receive such writing as evidence of the debt or duty, we think that it follows, that such writing, without the aid of other proof, shall be prima facie evidence of the liability of the maker to pay the money, or perform the duty as therein mentioned. This construction appears to be supported by the expressions in the same clause of the Statute, “ whether the same “ be under seal or not.” If under seal, of itself it imported a consideration, and by the common law, was evidence of the Debt or duty. If by virtue of. the Statute cited, a writing not under seal shall be received as-evidence of the Debt or .duty, without proof of the consideration, it is tmnecessa-ry to'aver that which is not required tobe proved. The latter clause of this section declares that it shall not be lawful for the defendant to deny the execution of “ such writing,” unless it be by plea supported by affidavit; and in this respect gives to an instrument without seal the grade and character of a deed or bond. Taking the. whole section together, and in connection with the following section of the Act, which- authorizes the party charged on a sealed instrument “ by special plea to impeach or go into the considera- “ tion of such bond in the same manner as if the said writ- “ in'g had not been sealed, ” the.construction seems to follow that the Legislature intended by this Act to put sealed and.
If the construction of this Statute had been less plain than it has appeared to us, yet the practice under it having been uniformly (or almost so) throughout the State in accordance with the view we have taken, and the conviction that general convenience would be best promoted by this construction, would have been sufficient to have determined our opinions.
The judgment of the Court below is therefore affirmed.