Alexandria Bank & Trust Co. v. Honeycutt, No. 27457.

No. 27457. | La. | Mar 29, 1926

Lead Opinion

The defendants J.W. Honeycutt and W.R. O'Neal indorsed a note of Canal Land Live Stock Company, for $5,000, interest, and attorneys' fees in case of suit. The note was not paid, and there was judgment below against the indorsers for the full amount, subject, however, to a credit of $1,250, from which judgment Honeycutt alone appeals.

At the time the note was indorsed by the defendants, it was secured by pledge of 10 shares of the Home Investment Company, 20 shares of the Day Builders Supply Company, and sundry other shares of stock of no value — all of which belonged to the said W.R. O'Neal.

Honeycutt's defense is that he was discharged as indorser: (1) Because plaintiff sold the 20 shares of Home Investment Company for $1,250 "without notifying Honeycutt, and applied the proceeds to other indebtedness of O'Neal at his (O'Neal's) request, without consulting Honeycutt"; and (2) by plaintiff's havingerased from the list of pledged stocks on the back of the note (by canceling with red lines) the 20 shares of Home Investment stock (when it sold them), thereby altering a negotiableinstrument. Act 64 of 1904, §§ 124, 125.

For convenience we pass upon these defenses in reverse order.

I. The second defense is not well founded: (a) Because the act of pledge, even though on the same paper as the note, and incorporated in the body thereof is no part of the note, ornegotiable instrument itself, Farmers' Merchants' Bank v. Davies, 80 So. 713" court="La." date_filed="1919-01-06" href="https://app.midpage.ai/document/farmers--merchants-bank-v-davies-7171130?utm_source=webapp" opinion_id="7171130">80 So. 713, 144 La. 532" court="La." date_filed="1919-01-06" href="https://app.midpage.ai/document/farmers--merchants-bank-v-davies-7171130?utm_source=webapp" opinion_id="7171130">144 La. 532; and (b) even if it were, it is admitted that the erasure (after the sale) "was due to an erroneous belief on the part of the bank that it had the right to apply all the securities attached to the note sued upon to the payment of other indebtedness of O'Neal [the owner of said stock]." Act 64 of 1904, § 123.

II. The first defense is also not well founded: (a) Because we know of no law (or sound reason) requiring a pledgee to notify or consult one who is not the owner of the thing pledged as to his (the pledgee's) intention to sell the pledged property, particularly when the sale is made by direction of the owner; and it is not pretended that the stock was worth more than the amount for which it sold, to wit, the sum of $1,250, for which the defendant was given credit in the judgment below; and (b) because the sale of the stock by the bank, and its consequent inability to subrogate defendant to its rights as pledgee thereof, discharges defendant (as surety) only pro tanto, i.e., to the amount by which he has been injured thereby, to wit, the value of said stock ($1,250). Succession of Pratt, 16 La. Ann. 357" court="La." date_filed="1861-04-15" href="https://app.midpage.ai/document/succession-of-pratt-7187062?utm_source=webapp" opinion_id="7187062">16 La. Ann. 357; Barrow v. Shields, 13 La. Ann. 57" court="La." date_filed="1858-01-15" href="https://app.midpage.ai/document/barrow-v-shields-7185419?utm_source=webapp" opinion_id="7185419">13 La. Ann. 57; Provan v. Percy, 11 La. Ann. 179" court="La." date_filed="1856-03-15" href="https://app.midpage.ai/document/provan-v-percy-7184525?utm_source=webapp" opinion_id="7184525">11 La. Ann. 179; Gosserand v. Lacour, 8 La. Ann. 75" court="La." date_filed="1853-03-15" href="https://app.midpage.ai/document/gosserand-v-lacour-7183417?utm_source=webapp" opinion_id="7183417">8 La. Ann. 75; Saulet v. Trepagnier, 2 La. Ann. 428. And to give a surety credit by judgment is simply to discharge him pro tanto. [The credit is conceded by plaintiff].

III. The other pledged securities are on hand (in an envelope in the transcript) and have been judicially tendered to the defendants on due payment of the note. Hence appellant may have them on payment of this judgment.

Decree. The judgment appealed from is therefore affirmed.

LAND, J., dissents.

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Dissenting Opinion

When the holder of a promissory note sells the collaterals that are pledged to secure the payment of the note, and applies the proceeds of the sale to another debt of the maker of the note, without the consent or knowledge of an indorser of the note, he releases the indorser. And, when the holder of a promissory note, having so disposed of the collaterals pledged to secure its payment, erases the memorandum of the collaterals from the list on the back of the note, he materially alters and thereby avoids the instrument, according to section 124 of the Negotiable Instrument Law (Act 64 of 1904, p. 165).

It will not do to say that the stipulations with regard to the pledge of the collaterals, although incorporated in the body of the note are not a part of the instrument. The decision cited in the majority opinion (Farmers' Merchants' Bank v. Davies et al., 80 So. 713" court="La." date_filed="1919-01-06" href="https://app.midpage.ai/document/farmers--merchants-bank-v-davies-7171130?utm_source=webapp" opinion_id="7171130">80 So. 713, 144 La. 532), is not authority for that proposition. The decision was merely that the stipulations in the note, with regard to the pledge of the collaterals, did not affect the character of the note as a negotiable instrument, and in that sense were not a part of it.

Section 123 of the Negotiable Instrument Law, declaring that an unintentional cancellation of a negotiable instrument is inoperative, has no application to this case. The instrument sued on was not unintentionally canceled. It was materially altered, intentionally. If it was done in error, the error was not an error of fact, but an error of law — an error in failing to consider that the alteration of the instrument would release the indorser.

The decisions cited in the majority opinion, from the second to the sixteenth Louisiana Annual Reports were rendered long before the enactment of the Negotiable Instrument Law, without reference to the law merchant, but with regard to the law of suretyship in the Civil Code, and have no application to this case.