57 F. 828 | 9th Cir. | 1893
An action was brought in 1886 in the district court of the first judicial district of the territory of Idaho to recover from the sureties on the bond of one Hibbs, a postmaster, §10,000, the penalty of the bond. On November 28, 1888, judgment was rendered for that amount npon the verdict of the jury in the case. On December 1, 1888, notice was given of the intention of defendants to move for a new trial, and subse-. quently, in accordance with the practice of that court, a statement of the case was settled, with exhibits to be used on the motion for new trial. On April 15, 1889, the motion was submitted to Judge L. L. Logan, of that court, and was by him taken .under advisement until November 27th following, when he denied the motion. This decision on the motion was considered void, for the reason that, at the time it was rendered, a successor to Judge Logan had been appointed and qualified, and had assumed .the duties of the office. On July 3, 1890, Idaho was admitted into the Union as a state, and by the act of admission this cause was transferred to the district court of the United States for the district of Idaho. On May 19, 1891, application was made to that court for an order setting aside the decision of Judge Logan denying the motion for new trial. On May 25th the application was granted, and on December 14, 1891, the motion for new trial was overruled. On April 2, 1892, the writ of error and citation were issued by which the record was brought into this court.
It is contended on behalf of the defendant in error that the writ must be dismissed, for the reason that a writ of error will not
Upon the first point the law is well settled. The decisions of the circuit and district courts upon motion for a new trial are not reviewable. It is held that the motion for a new trial is designed only to invoke the judgment of the trial court upon the alleged errors set out in the motion, and that its office and function are limited to that court. Doswell v. De La Lanza, 20 How. 29; Railway Co. v. Struble, 109 U. S. 381, 3 Sup. Ct. Rep. 270; Missouri Pac. Ry. Co. v. Chicago & A. R. Co., 132 U. S. 191, 10 Sup. Ct. Rep. 65; Ayers v. Watson, 137 U. S. 584, 11 Sup. Ct. Rep. 201; Fishburn v. Railway Co., 137 U. S. 60, 11 Sup. Ct. Rep. 8. And the rule is applicable to the circuit court of appeals. Railway Co. v. Howard, 1 C. C. A. 229, 49 Fed. Rep. 206; McClellan v. Pyeatt, 1 C. C. A. 613, 50 Fed. Rep. 688.
But it is contended that, inasmuch as, by the laws of Idaho in force at the time the judgment was rendered therein, and at the time the motion for a new trial was filed, an appeal'would lie to-the supreme court of the territory, the right of appeal from the decision on that motion is still conserved to the plaintiffs in error; and they point to the case of Bates v. Payson, 4 Dill. 265, as sustaining that view. We do not so understand the doctrine of that decision. That was a case arising under the act admitting Colorado into the Union, and declaring the federal court to be the successor of the supreme court of the territory as to certain cases, with power to proceed therein “in due course of law.” The question arose whether an action at law which had been taken by appeal 'to the territorial supreme court, and thence transferred by the act to the circuit court of the United States, could be properly regarded as pending in the latter court, since, by the practice of that court, no action at law could be taken thereto by appeal, but must needs be taken by a writ of error. The court decided, 'in effect, that, inasmuch as the cause was pending in the territorial supreme court, the circuit court would not consider the method of procedure by which it was taken there, but would proceed as that court would have proceeded if it had retained the case. That decision does not affect the question of the method of procedure in the circuit court. There can be no doubt that a cause removed or transferred to a circuit or district court of the United States on the admission of a territory into the Union must, from the time of transfer, be subject to the rules of practice and procedure of the court to which it is so removed, and the provision of the statute that the latter court shall proceed “in due course of law” means no more than this. It is clear, therefore, that no appeal or writ of error would lie to this court from the decision of the district court of Idaho overruling the motion for a new trial.
But, upon inspecting the writ of error in this case, it will be
The motion to dismiss the writ is therefore denied.
The objection is made that the record contains no hill of exceptions. We find no difficulty in treating the statement which was made and filed in aid of the motion for a new trial as a bill of exceptions, for the purposes of this writ. It contains a statement of what purport to be all of the exceptions taken a,nd allowed on the trial, together with all the evidence relating to the same. It appears to have been regularly and in apt time settled find allowed by the trial judge. It contains all the essential features of a bill of exceptions.
The first assignment of error is that the court overruled the objection made to the question propounded to the Postmaster Kress, who was successor to Hibbs, when he was asked: “Did you ever receive any orders from the post-office department in regard to making any demands on Mr. Hibbs?” It is contended that, since the orders were in writing, they were themselves the best evidence of their contents. It is a sufficient answer to this objection to point to the fact that the question did not call for the contents of (lie orders. It called simply for information about the
It is claimed that the court erred in admitting copies of the account current and the money-order account of Hibbs with the post-office department. These copies were transcripts from the books of account of the department, duly authenticated, under the seal of the treasury department, and were competent evidence. Objection was made to their introduction upon the ground that the defendants had made demand for copies thereof by notice served upon counsel for the United States, and that no copies had been furnished; also upon the ground that .the action was brought upon forged money, orders, and no copies of the forged orders had been set forth in the complaint. The objections were overruled on the trial, upon the.grounds, as stated in the bill of exceptions, (1) that the suit was one upon a bond, and not upon account, and that, therefore, the items of the accounts could not be required, under the provisions of section 4209 of the Revised Laws of Idaho, (St. 1887;) (2) that it nowhere appeared in the case that such demand for copies had been duly signed by an attorney of record in the suit or served upon the counsel of the United States; (3) that it does not appear that the suit was brought upon forged money orders. There is nothing contained in the bill of exceptions to contravene these statements of the trial judge, and the reasons so stated for overruling the objections were amply sufficient.
It is assigned as error that the court sustained objections to questions propounded to one of the defendants, by which the defendant sought to adduce testimony tending to prove that certain moneys had been paid by the sureties, or through their instrumentality, to the government, on account of Hibb’s liability after his removal from office. This evidence was properly excluded. Section 951-of the Revised Statutes clearly points out the course to be pursued by a surety claiming a credit:
“In suits Drought by the United States against individuals, no credit shall be admitted upon trial except such as appear to have been presented to the accounting officers of the treasury for their examination, and to have been by them disallowed in whole or in part.”
There had been no attempt to comply with this statute. The contract of the defendants whereby they became sureties for Hibbs as postmaster was made with reference to the provisions of the law concerning the defenses they might make in case of a breach of the bond, and the evidence they might introduce in aid thereof. The statute-just quoted entered into, and became part of, their contract. The rule therein provided was a reasonable one. Its binding force has been recognized by the courts. U. S. v. Gil
It is claimed that the court erred in directing the jury to return a verdict for the plaintiff. According to the bill of exceptions, the plaintiff introduced sufficient and competent evidence to prove a shortage in the accounts of Hibbs with the government, largely in excess of the penal sum named in the bond, and a demand upon the sureties for payment. The execution and validity of the bond were admitted in the pleadings. The only evidence introduced by the defendants was testimony to prove, that through the instrumentality of one of the defendants, the government had received large sums of money which had been taken from the person of Hibbs, and collected from certain banks. It was not disputed that, after these sums had been credited upon Hibbs’ account, he was still indebted to the United States in a sum exceeding the penalty of the bond. The defendants endeavored to have these sums, so realized through their agency, credited upon' their liability on the bond, rather than upon the general account of Hibbs. This was a question of law, and was properly disposed of by the court. The result was that there was no evidence whatever to go to the jury in behalf of the defendants, and there was no error in instructing the jury to return a verdict for 1he plaintiff.
The remaining assignment of errors, that the court erred in overruling the motion for a new trial, cannot, for reasons elsewhere-staled in this opinion, be considered by this court.
There being no error in the trial below, the judgment is affirmed.