Section 8107, G.S. 1913, provides: "Every mortgage of real estate heretofore or hereafter executed, containing a power of sale, upon default being made in any condition thereof, may be foreclosed by advertisement within fifteen years after the maturing of said mortgage or the debt secured thereby, in the cases and in the manner hereinafter specified." The next section specifies the cases so far
as here pertinent thus. "To entitle any party to make such foreclosure, it is requisite: 1." * * * "2: That no action or proceeding has been instituted at law to recover the debt then remaining secured by such mortgage, or any part thereof, or, if the action or proceeding has been instituted, that the same has been discontinued, or that an execution upon the judgment therein has been returned unsatisfied in whole or in part."
Foreclosure by advertisement is a statutory remedy and all essential requisites for its exercise must exist when it is made use of. As to this remedy "the court has adopted the rule that the statutes must be strictly pursued, and a clear departure from the terms and requirements of the statutes vitiates the proceedings." Peaslee v. Ridgway, 82 Minn. 288, 84 N.W. 1024, and cases therein cited. That the pendency of an action to recover the debt secured by the mortgage suspends the right to proceed to foreclose by advertisement was held in Jones v. Ewing, 22 Minn. 157. The provision of the statute quoted does not limit the actions pending to actions in the courts of this state, and, under the rule stated, we are not permitted by construction to so limit the same. Nor does respondent so contend. But his claim is that the Revised Laws of 1905 changed the former statute relating to the pendency of an action to enforce the debt secured by the mortgage so that, if such action be dismissed prior to the day of sale, the foreclosure is authorized. We think not. As the law now stands there can be no fair question that the pendency of such an action suspends for the time being the right to take any step towards foreclosing the mortgage by advertisement. The first publication of the notice is as necessary as the last to the validity of the foreclosure, and hence the right to proceed must exist from the first publication up to the sale. The revision commission did not indicate an intention to change the prerequisite conditions for foreclosure by advertisement. That revision was not intended to change existing laws, "unless we find from the statute itself or its history a clear intention to change it." Austro-Hungarian Consul v. Westphal, 120 Minn. 122,139 N.W. 300; Miller v. American Bonding Co. 133 Minn. 336,158 N.W. 432; Salmon v. Central T. S. Co. 157 Minn. 369, 196 N.W. 468. Before the revision the statute read: "To entitle any party to give a notice, as hereinafter prescribed, and to make such foreclosure it is requisite that no action shall be pending to recover the debt secured by the mortgage. We can find no other meaning in the present statute first above quoted. But, if ambiguity be assumed therein, it is perfectly clear that the history of the statute leads clearly to the construction we adopt. Respondent also contends that the sale is the foreclosure and what takes place before that are only preliminary incidents, so that, if no action is pending on the day of sale, the requisite of the statute in that respect is not wanting. We cannot concur. The requisites called for must exist when the first step is taken in the foreclosure. If not, the right to proceed to do what is necessary for a valid sale is suspended.
The learned trial court erred in holding the mortgagors not entitled to have the foreclosure set aside.
Order reversed.