Alaska Packers' Ass'n v. Gover

278 F. 927 | 9th Cir. | 1922

GILBERT, Circuit Judge

(after stating the facts as above).

Error is assigned to the denial of the defendant’s motion for an instructed verdict. It is contended that the motion should have been allowed for the reason that the ladder was a simple tool, and that the risk of injury from any defects therein was assumed by the plaintiff. Several cases are cited to the proposition that a ladder is a simple tool, and is in the class of tools with respect to which the master is not liable under the rule that where a tool is simple in construction and defects therein can be discovered without special skill or knowledge and without intricate inspection, the servant is as well qualified as any one else to detect them and to judge of the probable danger of using them; his opportunity for inspection being better than that of his master. But we are unable to agree with the plaintiff’s contention that the ladder in this instance was a simple tool. It was.not a movable ladder, such as is carried by hand and is open to inspection in the handling of it. It was in effect a stairway. It was part of the building. The perpendicular uprights were mortised for the insertion of the steps, and were nailed firmly to the building. The necessity for sound construction and timely inspection in such a structure is far greater than in the case of an ordinary ladder which in practice is carried about from place to place and when used is inclined at an angle, thus affording opportunity to grasp the leaning uprights in pase a rung gives way. The present case is not dissimilar to O’Brien v. Northwestern Consol. Milling Co., 137 N.W. 399, where it was held that a ladder installed by the defendant in lieu of a stair should be held to be a stair in the contemplation of the law, with the same resultant duty on the part of the defendant to maintain and keep it safe for the use of employees as though it had been a stair in fact. So in Pendergrass v. St. Louis & S. F. R. Co., 179 Mo.App. 517, 162 S.W. 712, a case in which the plaintiff was injured by the breaking of a rung in a ladder 10 or 12 feet long, which was used as a means of ingress and egress from the ground'floor to a pit where a pump and boiler were installed, the court held that the ladder was a part of the premises upon and about which the plaintiff was required to work, and that it was the master’s duty to exercise ordinary care to furnish him a reasonably safe place to work, which included a reasonably safe means of descending into the pit. And in Pacific Telephone & Telegraph Co. v. Starr, 206 F. 157, 124 C.C.A. 223, 46 L.R.A.(N.S.) 1123, this court held that a ladder of unusual length used by employees of a telephone company in putting up wires on buildings is not a simple appliance like mechanics’ tools, the risk from which is assumed by an employee.

But it is urged that on the morning of the day on which the plaintiff was injured, the superintendent of the hatchery dischargéd the full measure of the defendant’s duty of inspection. He testified that on that day he went clear from the bottom to the top of the ladder, and put his weight on the rungs of the ladder and observed no defect. That testimony amounts to little, if any, more than to say that the superintendent, who weighed 220 pounds, went up and down the ladder on that day without accident. What he did can hardly be said to be an inspection as to the soundness of the uprights or rungs. The plaintiff testified that he observed the rung that came off, and found that it was decayed on one side, that he could see pieces of rotten wood there, and that the nails were out. The court below, properly, we think, submitted to the jury the question whether a reasonably prudent person would have inspected the ladder by tapping it or in some other way in addition to what the defendant said it did in inspecting the ladder, and that it was for the jury to say whether such other inspection was called for under the circumstances, and whether other inspection would have revealed a defect. The court further instructed the jury that if an ordinarily prudent man would inspect the ladder from time to time to discover the defects, and if the defendant did not inspect it, and that an inspection would have revealed a defect, and that that defect caused the injury, ordinary care would not have been observed. No exception was taken to any of the instructions. We think that upon the case as it stood at the close of the testimony, there was no error in denying the motion for an instructed verdict.

It is assigned as error that the court below overruled the defendant’s motion to set aside the verdict and grant a new trial, and it is urged in the defendant’s briefs that the amount of the verdict is grossly .excessive. But it is so well settled as to require no citation of authorities that in a federal appellate court the ruling of a trial court on a motion for a new trial is not assignable as error. Nor can the question of the amount of damages assessed by a jury be re-examined in an appellate court. Phœnix Ry. Co. v. Landis, 231 U.S. 581, 34 S.Ct. 179, 58 L.Ed. 377; St. Louis & Iron M. T. Ry. Co. v. Craft, 237 U.S. 661, 35 S.Ct. 704, 59 L.Ed. 1160; Lincoln v. Power, 151 U.S. 436, 14 S.Ct. 387, 38 L.Ed. 224.

The judgment is affirmed.