Alarcon v. Unknown Party

Aug 4, 2026
2:26-cv-04987

ORDER

Since 2023, plaintiffs Akeala A. Edwards and Brandon M. Cole have filed five other cases in this court, sometimes separately and sometimes together. See CV-23-591-PHX-GMS, CV-23-593-PHX-DJH, CV-25-1988-PHX-SPL, CV-25-1989-PHX-JAT, CV-25-2708-PHX-SHD. Plaintiffs were granted leave to proceed in forma pauperis in all those cases, but each case was dismissed either after screening by the court or after the court granted a motion to dismiss. Across those five cases, plaintiffs never stated a claim for relief. Plaintiffs initiated the current case by filing a complaint and an application to proceed in forma pauperis. (Docs. 1, 2.) The application reflects monthly income of $3,200, more than that in monthly expenses, $228 in bank accounts, and $19,436.60 owed to plaintiffs by CJA Finance, Inc.

The governing statute grants district courts “the authority to impose partial filing fees on non-prisoner civil litigants.” Hymas v. U.S. Dep‘t of the Interior, 73 F.4th 763, 767 (9th Cir. 2023). When deciding whether to impose a partial filing fee, “the court may consider the plaintiff‘s cash flow in the recent past, and the extent to which the plaintiff has depleted his savings on nonessentials.” Id. (simplified). “The amount of payment should serve the IFP statute‘s goal of granting equal access to the courts regardless of economic status while also serv[ing] the dual aims of defraying some of the judicial costs of litigation and screening out frivolous claims.” Id. (simplified).

Considering plaintiffs’ monthly income, expenses, and savings alongside their litigation history, a partial filing fee is appropriate. That filing fee will allow plaintiffs access to the courts while recognizing “that a litigant whose filing fees and court costs are assumed by the public . . . lacks an economic incentive to refrain from filing frivolous, malicious, or repetitive lawsuits.” Neitzke v. Williams, 490 U.S. 319, 324 (1989). Plaintiffs must pay $200.00 within thirty days of this order if they wish for this case to proceed.

In addition to paying a partial filing fee, plaintiffs must provide a complete copy of their complaint. The complaint filed on the docket consists of eight pages, but multiple pages are missing. The complaint skips from paragraph thirteen at the bottom of page two to paragraph 25 on the top of page three. The complaint also skips from paragraph 31 on page three to paragraph 40 on page four. The court must have a complete copy of the complaint to determine whether it states a claim on which relief may be granted. 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B)(ii).

Finally, plaintiffs’ complaint appears to have been drafted using generative artificial intelligence (“AI“). Special procedures and requirements apply when a party wishes to use AI in preparing documents. Plaintiffs must review the AI procedures set forth below and, if they have used AI, comply with all aspects of the court‘s requirements.

IT IS ORDERED the Application (Doc. 2) is GRANTED IN PART. Plaintiffs shall pay a partial filing fee of $200.00 no later than September 4, 2026. The Clerk of Court shall enter a judgment of dismissal without prejudice if the partial filing fee is not paid by that date.

IT IS FURTHER ORDERED no later than August 14, 2026, plaintiffs shall file a complete copy of their original complaint. If appropriate, they must comply with the court‘s AI procedures when filing that copy.

IT IS FURTHER ORDERED as follows:

Governing Rules

Both counsel and pro se litigants must abide by the Rules of Practice of the U.S. District Court for the District of Arizona (“Local Rules“) and the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure.

Disclosure Statements

Full compliance with Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 7.1 is required by plaintiff(s) and defendant(s). Rule 7.1(a)(1) requires any nongovernmental corporation to file a disclosure statement identifying “any parent corporation and any publicly held corporation owning 10% or more of its stock.” Rule 7.1(a)(2) requires a party in an action where jurisdiction is based on diversity under 28 U.S.C. § 1332(a) to file a disclosure statement identifying the citizenship of “every individual or entity whose citizenship is attributed to that party.” A Corporate Disclosure Statement form is available at https://www.azd.uscourts.gov/forms/disclosure-statement.

Service Deadline

Service of the summons and complaint on each defendant located in the United States must occur within 90 days of filing the complaint. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 4(m). If service cannot occur within 90 days, a request for an extension may be filed before expiration of the 90-day period. Any such request must set forth the reason why service has not been accomplished and request a specific short additional period of time. If the court believes your reason constitutes “good cause,” it will authorize a brief additional period to accomplish service.

Proof of service must be filed with the Clerk of Court, in the form of an affidavit, promptly after service has been made. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 4(l). It is important to comply with this requirement because absent proof of service, the court will have no way of knowing that the complaint has been served.

This order serves as an express warning that the court will dismiss this action, without further notice to plaintiff(s), with respect to any defendant that is not timely served. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 4(m).

Forms of Papers

The parties shall adhere to all of the requirements of Local Rule 7.1, including the requirement that text and footnotes shall be no smaller than 13 point. Citations supporting any textual proposition shall be included in the text, not in a footnote.

Notices of supplemental authority and responses to those notices are limited to 350 words excluding case captions and signature blocks.

Use of Generative Artificial Intelligence

Any party that uses generative artificial intelligence (“generative AI“) in connection with filings in this matter must attach to the subject filing a separate declaration disclosing the use of generative AI and certifying that the filer, in the exercise of the filer‘s independent judgment, has personally reviewed and verified the content of the filing as accurate and in compliance with Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 11. The declaration must identify which, if any, portion of the filing incorporates Generative AI outputs. Any party who presents to the court a pleading, written motion, or other paper incorporating inaccurate or undeclared generative AI outputs, including but not limited to inaccurate or non-existent case citations, may be subject to sanctions without further warning.

“Generative AI” as used in the previous paragraph refers to large language models that accept user input and generate new content. Generative AI includes, but is not limited to, the tools available through ChatGPT, Claude, Copilot, DeepSeek, Google Gemini, and Grok.

Paper Courtesy Copies

Do not send paper courtesy copies of Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 7(a) pleadings, short procedural motions (e.g., motions for extension of time), 26(f) reports, or stipulations. A paper courtesy copy of dispositive motions (or other lengthy motions that will be opposed) and any responses or replies thereto shall be either postmarked and mailed to the judge or hand-delivered to the judge‘s mailbox in the courthouse by the next business day after the electronic filing. Do not attempt to deliver documents to the judge‘s chambers. Courtesy copies should be double-sided and include the ECF-generated header at the top of each page. Courtesy copies of documents too large for stapling must be submitted in three-ring binders.

Amending Pleadings

Before filing a motion for leave to amend a pleading, the party that wishes to amend must seek the consent of the other parties in an attempt to file the amended pleading pursuant to Local Rule 15.1(b). If any party is unwilling to consent, the motion for leave to amend must indicate which party (or parties) will oppose the request. If a motion for leave to amend a pleading fails to so indicate, the motion will be denied without prejudice for failure to adhere to this order.

A motion to amend a pleading must be accompanied by a copy of the proposed amended pleading that indicates in what respect it differs from the pleading which it amends. Local Rule 15.1(a). If a party files an amended pleading as a matter of course, with the opposing party‘s written consent, or as a result of the court granting leave to amend in connection with a motion to dismiss, the amending party must file a separate notice that includes a copy of the amending pleading that indicates in what respect it differs from the pleading which it amends.

Motions and Stipulations

Every motion or stipulation, however mundane, must cite the rule(s) and/or law(s) that permit the court to grant the requested relief. Requests for extensions of time must include a brief explanation of why the extension is needed to help the court determine whether there is good cause. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 6(b)(1)(A).

To ensure timely case processing, a party moving for an extension of time, enlargement of page limitations, or leave to file a document under seal shall indicate in the motion whether the non-movant opposes the request and intends to file a written response. If such a motion does not so indicate, it may be denied for failure to comply with this order.

Motions and stipulations should be accompanied by proposed orders. A proposed order is not necessary for motions that will require a reasoned analysis from the court, or for stipulations requesting issuance of the court‘s standard protective order with no amendments. These proposed orders must not be on letterhead or contain any information identifying the party submitting the order, and they must set forth the relief requested rather than incorporating the motion or stipulation by reference. See also Local Rule 7.1(b)(3). Proposed orders must be emailed—in Microsoft Word format (not PDF)—to Lanham_Chambers@azd.uscourts.gov. The subject line of the email must include the case name, case number, the words “proposed order for [name of motion],” and an indication of whether the motion is opposed or unopposed if this is not otherwise apparent from the name of the motion.

Rule 12 Motions Are Discouraged

Any motion under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12 is discouraged if the challenged defect in the pleading can be cured by filing an amended pleading. The court therefore requires that: (1) before filing a Rule 12(b)(6) motion to dismiss or a Rule 12(c) motion for judgment on the pleadings, the movant confer with the opposing party to determine whether such motion can be avoided; and (2) the movant attach a certificate of conferral, certifying that it notified the opposing party of the issues asserted in its motion and that the parties conferred but were unable to agree that the pleading was curable in any part by a permissible amendment offered by the pleading party. See also Local Rule 12.1(c). The requirement to meet and confer and attach a certificate of conferral applies in equal force to motions to dismiss amended complaints, notwithstanding earlier conferrals and certificates filed before the complaint was amended. Any motion lacking the required certification may be summarily stricken.

Multiple defendants represented by the same counsel may not file separate Rule 12 motions. Defendants represented by the same counsel who wish to file a Rule 12 motion must file a single joint motion that includes all arguments applicable to any defendant.

Protective Orders

The court‘s standard protective order is available at www.azd.uscourts.gov under: Judges’ Information → Orders, Forms and Procedures → Lanham, Krissa M. If the parties agree that discoverable materials should be kept confidential, they may file a stipulation requesting that the court issue its standard protective order. If the parties wish to propose additional provisions, they may request and stipulate to the additional proposed language, subject to the court‘s review. In that case, all language added to the standard order by the parties should be redlined into a Word document using “tracked changes,” and the parties’ Word document with the tracked changes must be emailed to chambers. The parties are reminded that the mere fact the parties have designated certain materials or information as confidential pursuant to an agreement or stipulation does not mean the court will automatically order that filings containing such information be placed under seal. See Ctr. for Auto Safety v. Chrysler Grp., LLC, 809 F.3d 1092, 1101 (9th Cir. 2016).

Motions to Seal

Local Rule 5.6 governs sealing of court records in unsealed civil actions. Every motion to seal, including stipulations pursuant to Local Rule 5.6(d), must identify the legal standard applicable to the document at issue and explain why the material sought to be sealed meets that standard. The stringent “compelling reasons supported by specific factual findings” standard articulated in Kamakana v. City & County of Honolulu, 447 F.3d 1172, 1178 (9th Cir. 2006), applies to motions and their attachments where the motion is “more than tangentially related to the merits of a case.” Ctr. for Auto Safety, 809 F.3d at 1101. Merely noting that a document was designated confidential by a party will not satisfy any applicable legal standard for sealing.

Where a party seeks to seal only certain portions of a given document, the unredacted version of the document, which should be lodged under seal pursuant to Local Rule 5.6(c), must include highlighting to indicate which portions of the document the party seeks to redact.

Emergencies and Expedited Consideration

Any party desiring expedited consideration of a motion or other matter pending before the court may make such a request by filing a separate Notice for Expedited Consideration accompanied by a certificate from counsel for the moving party or, if unrepresented, the moving party. The certificate must set forth the following: 1) the facts establishing the need for expedited resolution; 2) the dates of the imminent events pertinent to the request; 3) whether the motion or request for expedited consideration could have been filed earlier; and 4) when or how the moving party will provide notice to all other parties and the other parties’ positions on the motion. A request for expedited consideration that is simply mentioned in the caption/title of the related filing will not be considered—a separate notice and certificate must be filed.

Requests to Reschedule Court Dates

The court interprets Local Rule 7.3(b) as applying to requests to reschedule court dates due to attorney conflicts. As such, and to enable the court to efficiently manage cases, such requests must be made by motion or stipulation, must indicate the position of each other party, and (unless another party plans to file a written opposition, which would be appropriate only in rare circumstances) must propose to the court at least three dates/times when all counsel are available for rescheduling purposes.

Noncompliance

The parties are specifically advised that failure to prosecute, to comply with court orders, or to comply with the Local and Federal Rules may result in dismissal of all or part of this case, default, imposition of sanctions, or summary disposition of matters pending before the court. See also Local Rule 7.2(i) (“If a motion does not conform in all substantial respects with the requirements of [the Local Rules], or if the [opposing party] does not serve and file the required answering memoranda, . . . such noncompliance may be deemed a consent to the denial or granting of the motion and the court may dispose of the motion summarily.“).

IT IS FURTHER ORDERED:

  1. That plaintiff(s) must promptly serve a copy of this order on defendant(s) and file a notice of service with the Clerk of Court;
  2. That, unless the court orders otherwise, on October 16, 2026 the Clerk of Court shall terminate without further notice any defendant in the United States that has not been served pursuant to Rule 4(m) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure.

Dated this 4th day of August, 2026.

Honorable Krissa M. Lanham

United States District Judge