| Ala. | Nov 15, 1904
The damages set forth in the plea of defendant in this case are speculative and too remote. The decisions of this Court have settled the proposition that, for the breach of a contract to sell and deliver personal property, the measure of damages is the difference between the agreed price and the price at which similar property could be purchased in the market, and that losses, sustained by the purchaser, by reason of his failure to realize profits on contracts which he entered into on the faith of receiving the personal property bought, are too remote, conjectural and speculative to be recovered. — McFadden & Bro. v. Henderson, 128 Ala. 223; Watson v. Kirby, 112 Ala. 436" court="Ala." date_filed="1895-11-15" href="https://app.midpage.ai/document/watson-v-kirby--sons-6516867?utm_source=webapp" opinion_id="6516867">112 Ala. 436; Nichols v. Rasch, 138 Ala. 372" court="Ala." date_filed="1903-11-15" href="https://app.midpage.ai/document/nichols-v-rasch-6520121?utm_source=webapp" opinion_id="6520121">138 Ala. 372.
It is true that there are some expressions in said cases which indicate that, under certain circumstances, a more liberal rule of damages may govern.
In the case of McFadden v. Henderson, 128 Ala. 235, the Court does state, as counsel for appellant notes, that, where the purchaser cannot go into the market and purchase the goods,.the reason of the rule ceases, but that does not mean that necessarily speculative damages must be allowed, but only that other means must be adopted for ascertaining what the actual damage was for the nun-delivery of the goods. And again, in this case there is no allegation that the goods could not be obtained, but only that the plaintiff continued to assure the defendant that he would deliver the lumber, and defendant relied on it. The assurance that he would deliver was no more than a repetition of the original promise to deliver, and did not change the contract nor authorize any different measure of damages.
Appellant claims that this Court, in the case of Nichols v. Rasch, 138 Ala. 376, intimates that, if the stopping of the mules, men and teams, in that case, had been alleged as the basis of the claim for damages, the party could have recovered, and that the damages claimed by appellant in this case are analogous.
Even if this Court were bound by the intimation in that decision, which it- is not, it may be remarked that the contract in that case was one in which one party sold a boiler, retaining the title until paid for, the other party agreed to set up a shingle mill, and the first party was to furnish the timber to run the machine, and the purchaser of the shingle mill was to furnish so many shingles to the first party, so that each stipulation was so connected with and dependent upon the other, that- it might all be said to have been within the contemplation of the parties. While, in the case no.w before the Court, it was a simple sale of an ordinary article of trade, which the defendant expected to -use in the building of a house, and defendant
In that case also, the damages mentioned were for the use of the mules and other property while standing idle; while here the claim is in part at least to reimburse defendant on account of a contract which he made with his builders.
On this subject of awarding damages on the breach of a contract; beyond the amount herein first stated, it is true that the decisions are not harmonious, and there is a great lack of a clear statement as to just what damages may be recovered and as to just Avhat are “speculative.” It is clear that damages, to be recoverable must be the natural and necessary consequence of the breach, and must. flow directly and naturally, and in the due course of thing's, from the breach, and the expression is often used that they must be such as were Avithin the contemplation of the parties. — Note to Griffin v. Clover, 69 Am. Dec. 424; 1 Sutherland on Damages (3rd ed.), p. 134 § 45, p. 148 § 50, p. 156 § 52.
Where the courts have gone beyond the regular rule, and alloAved’other damages which are the direct and certain result of the breach, it has been because, in those cases, it has been supposed that those consequences were within the contemplation of the parties, and it has sometimes been said that, if the contracting party knew the purpose for which the article was being purchased, he is liable for the consequential injury which occurs to the purchaser on account of the failure to deliver it, but we
And Mr. Sutherland says: “Doubtless it is essential, in order to bring within the contemplation of the parties, damages different from and larger in amount than those which usually ensue, that the special circumstances out of which they naturally proceed shall have been known to the party sought to be made liable in such a manner, at the time of contracting, as to make it manifest to him that if compensation in case of a breach on' his part is accorded for actual loss it must be for a loss resulting from that special state of things which those circumstances portended.” — 1 Sutherland on Damages, p. 164-5 §52.
In our own Court, the utmost limit which has been touched in the direction of holding the party, to a contract which has been broken, liable beyond the actual value of the article, is in the case of Bell v. Reynolds, 78 Ala. 511" court="Ala." date_filed="1885-12-15" href="https://app.midpage.ai/document/bell-v-reynolds-6512289?utm_source=webapp" opinion_id="6512289">78 Ala. 511, in which a party selling guano, knowing that it was to be used in raising cotton, was held liable for the difference which the guano would have made in the crop. In that case the nature of the contract was such, that, after it had become known that the fertilizer was not furnished, it was too late to purchase other goods in the market, and the Court lays particular stress on the fact, that, as the party had worked side by side a strip of land with the fertilizer and one without it, it was capable of exact ascertainment what the result of using the fertilizer would have been.
It was evidently only a part of the material which was being furnished to complete the manufacturing establishment. There was nothing in the contract or the surroundings to indicate that the parties had anything in mind further than an ordinary purchase of lumber.
We hold that the allegations of the plea do not show that the matters stated were “Within the contemplation” of the parties, and that the damages claimed are too remote. It follows that the demurrers to the pleas were properly sustained.
The judgment of the court is affirmed.