Adoption of Anton
At issue is the fitness of a mother married to a
Facts. The following facts, found by the trial judge, are relevant to the present appeal. In February of 2002, at twenty-seven years of age, the mother gave birth to Anton, who was five years of age at the time of trial. Anton’s biological father left after Anton’s birth and is not part of these proceedings. For the first three to four months of Anton’s life, the mother lived with her own mother (grandmother) in Rockland before moving in with her then boyfriend, now husband, Ben Marks,
Marks has an extensive criminal history. Most significantly, in 1988, Marks was convicted of sexually abusing his five year old stepdaughter on five separate occasions, for which he received a five- to seven-year suspended sentence and was put on probation. In 1993, Marks reoffended with the same child, despite having completed therapy, a sex offender evaluation, a psychological evaluation, and other reunification services offered by the Department of Children and Families (DCF). From 1993 to 1999, Marks served his previously suspended sentence. During his incarceration, he completed the intensive treatment program, phase IV, and developed a comprehensive relapse prevention plan. That plan prohibited him from being in a relationship with a woman who had a child between three and five years of age. The plan also called for Marks to attend sex offender therapy regularly and support group sessions as needed, neither of which he was doing at the time of trial.
The mother had learned of Marks’s sex offender status in 2003. She believed, however, that the charges were “a result of his former wife who was out to get him during their divorce.” Despite his admission to the crime of child rape, the mother believed that “there was not enough evidence against [Marks]” and that this lack of evidence is the reason he “received a suspended sentence.” She also believed that he had “no choice but to plead guilty because of his lawyer at the time.” The judge found her “unrealistic in her interpretation of the events regarding [Marks’s] sexual offenses.”
The mother, Marks, and Anton lived together in New Bed-ford until approximately April, 2004, when the mother and Anton moved to Michigan. The following month, Marks joined the mother and Anton, and all three lived together in Michigan. On December 14, 2004, Marks was arrested for failing to register as a sex offender in Michigan. See G. L. c. 6, § 178E(¿), as amended by St. 2003, c. 140, §§ 6 & 7; G. L. c. 6, § 178H(1). At the time of Marks’s arrest, Anton was alone with him in the home.
On September 13, 2005, approximately one month after Anton was removed from the mother’s care, DCF filed a G. L. c. 119, § 51 A, report alleging dental neglect because many of Anton’s twenty baby teeth were seriously decayed, of which two were so badly decayed that they had broken off at the root. The decay was painful for Anton and made it difficult for him to eat.
Since returning to Massachusetts in August, 2005, the mother has lived in at least two different apartments and at least three different shelters. After Anton was taken into DCF’s custody, the mother moved into the Sisters of Charity shelter. The mother testified that she moved to this shelter because DCF did not want her to live with Marks. The mother then moved into an apartment in New Bedford, where she lived alone, although Marks lived close by and had keys to the apartment. In August of 2006, the mother moved into another apartment in New Bedford. Then, in October, 2006, the mother was in a women’s shelter for approximately one month before returning to an apartment where Marks lived with her for at least two weeks before they were both evicted. Upon eviction in November of 2006, the mother entered the Harbor House Family Shelter, but was asked to leave because she continued to see Marks.
Beginning with Anton’s removal, DCF prepared a total of four service plans, the first two of which had the goal of reunification, and the final two had the goal of adoption. Marks did not sign any of the plans. The mother signed the first three service plans, but wrote on the third that she did not “agree
On November 17, 2006, the mother gave birth to Marks’s child, Evan,
On December 15, 2005, and February 27, 2006, Anton was evaluated for developmental and behavioral problems at the Center for Children and Families. He was found to have signi
Although the mother had indicated that she and Marks have separated since DCF’s involvement with her family, the trial judge found the mother to be dishonest about her relationship. The mother’s social worker had observed, on unannounced visits, Marks in and around the mother’s home and with keys to the home. Additionally, the social worker had seen the mother and Marks in public together.
Procedural history. On August 19, 2005, DCF was granted temporary custody of Anton because of the mother’s alleged neglect pursuant to G. L. c. 119, § 24. On February 21, 2006, DCF filed its notice of intent to proceed under G. L. c. 119, § 26, and G. L. c. 210, § 3. Trial was held on January 19 and 26, 2007, and February 23, 2007. On April 26, 2007, the trial judge found Anton in need of care and protection and dispensed with parental consent to adoption.
Standard of review. In care and protection cases, the trial judge’s subsidiary findings must be proved by a preponderance of the evidence and will only be disturbed if clearly erroneous. See Care & Protection of Laura,
Discussion. The judge’s findings
1. Failure to protect Anton from risk of sexual abuse. First and foremost, the mother’s ongoing relationship with Marks presents a high risk of sexual abuse of Anton that was an “appropriate and relevant” consideration in the judge’s determination of the mother’s fitness. Care & Protection of Isabelle,
In determining the fitness of a mother involved in a relationship with a high-risk sex offender, the judge properly considered whether the mother had been informed of and acknowledged his prior abuse, demonstrated an understanding of the risk that the sex offender posed to her child, and taken appropriate actions in response to that risk. See generally Adoption of Carlos,
In the instant case, the mother was fully informed of the extensive evidence of prior abuse, including Marks’s admissions and convictions. The mother nonetheless failed to accept that any of the admitted, repeated acts of sexual abuse had occurred. See Adoption of Kimberly, supra; Adoption of Larry,
The mother maintained her essentially unconditional allegiance to Marks despite being informed that such an allegiance jeopardized the safety of Anton and her parental rights. Her willingness to ignore “overwhelming evidence” of Marks’s past abuse and to adopt a protective attitude toward Marks and not the child provided clear and convincing evidence that she cannot protect Anton from Marks. See Adoption of Larry, supra at 472.
2. Other evidence of unfitness. There is other significant evidence of the mother’s over-all unfitness to care for Anton.
The mother’s inability to secure “adequate stable housing” was also properly considered in determining her unfitness. See Adoption of Vito,
Evidence of alcohol or drug abuse is also relevant to a parent’s willingness, competence, and availability to provide care. Care & Protection of Frank,
Also properly considered is a psychologist’s prediction that a child will regress if returned to the mother. See Adoption of Frederick,
3. Services directed at reunification. For the first time on appeal, the mother claims that DCF failed to provide adequate services prior to proceeding to terminate parental rights. We disagree. The first two service plans were directed at reunification and multiple services were offered to the mother, including
Conclusion. For the reasons stated above, we affirm the decree entered by the Juvenile Court on April 26, 2007, finding the mother unfit and dispensing with her consent to adoption.
So ordered.
Notes
A pseudonym.
The mother contests the finding that Marks had not been attending sex of
On January 28,2005, Michigan Protective Services (the Michigan equivalent of DCF) filed an investigation for suspected sexual abuse of Anton by Marks. However, the doctor found Anton’s physical exam to be within normal limits, noting only that Anton was too young to verbalize sexual abuse, even if it had occurred. The mother had previously had Anton evaluated for sexual abuse in 2003 when the mother and child were living with Marks and a young adult. The mother had become concerned because Anton was touching himself and others inappropriately. Sexual abuse was not established.
Because of Marks’s sex offender status, the mother was forbidden to see Marks while staying in the Harbor House Family Shelter to protect the other shelter residents from a known abuser.
Drug screening and a substance abuse evaluation were included after the mother admitted to using marijuana and cocaine while pregnant.
There is dispute whether DCF changed the goal for Anton to adoption on January 20, 2006, or December 20, 2005. However, the possible discrepancy of a month is not material to the issues here.
The mother had previously told Anton that policemen are bad and that firemen will light him on fire. When Anton then saw policemen or firemen, he became frightened. During visits, she made inappropriate comments, including comments regarding the foster mother.
A pseudonym. This child is not involved in this appeal.
For example, on December 14, 2006, the mother was seen walking with Marks, holding hands. This was seven days after the mother had been shown Marks’s psychological evaluation, police reports with details of his sexual offenses, and his admissions about abusing his brother and sister as a child. After being shown the documents, the mother had said she was going to leave him.
The judge found that the current adoption plan included “exploring a placement with [Anton’s] maternal aunt in Michigan who has come forward.”
The mother claims that thirteen findings of fact were clearly erroneous. Most of these objections arise out of disagreements concerning credibility findings. See Custody of Two Minors,
The mother’s argument that Marks’s victims are only female children and thus he posed no risk to Anton is unpersuasive: as a child, Marks abused his brother and was abused himself by his father and his uncle. Further, there is nothing in the relapse prevention plan limiting the restriction to girls.