159 N.Y.S. 36 | N.Y. App. Term. | 1916
Plaintiff has recovered damages -for personal injuries. At the time of the accident plaintiff was an iron worker employed by the Prince Iron Works- engaged in some construction work on a building in Bast Seventy-fifth street. Defendant was engaged in the installation of concrete floors in the same building. Its men were installing such floors on the seventh floor. The method of construction is approximately as follows:
Iron girders bearing the floor were placed some six and a half feet apart. They were about fourteen feet long. They thus formed the side of an open panel fourteen feet by six and a half feet. The flanges of these beams are about ten inches wide; the beam itself about a foot in depth. The concrete floor to fill this panel is laid or poured upon a “ form.” In order to construct this “ form ” a board is hung by wires running around the beam and brought flat to the lower flange of the beam. A small upright is then nailed on the inner (namely, the panel) side of this board. Another board is then nailed to the top of this small up
Plaintiff, who had worked on this building for some time, was familiar with this mode of construction; and had been warned by his foreman not to step upon these “ forms.” He was- bringing a plank up from a lower floor to pass to his foreman on the eighth floor. He left the stairway on the seventh floor and walked to the second panel on the flange of the iron beams, and, when he had reached a point several feet along the flange of the beam that formed the side of this panel, he found-the flange to be obstructed by a pile of boards laid on it. He told apparently contradictory stories as to the condition of the 11 form ’ ’ on this panel, i. e., that it consisted of only the two by four joists standing up on edge; and that these joists had already been covered by the planks. He testified that at this point he called to some one in charge of defendant’s workmen to take away the planks, but that this foreman or superintendent then told him to move along or something to that effect, and added, that he should or might step upon the “ form.” He started to pass the plank up to his foreman on the next floor (the eighth floor being at that time entirely open in that vicinity), and to do so stepped upon the “ form ” which thereupon
The learned judge below, over the exception and objection of the defendant, charged the jury that there was a statute, namely, section 18 of the Labor Law, which forbade the defendant to erect a scaffold or other mechanical contrivance which was unsafe, unsuitable or improper, and added that that was the standard set by the legislature altering the old common law standard, which he explained. He then said: “ The first question is was section 18 which I have just read to you performed or violated by the Boebling Construction Company? Did the Boebling Construction Company furnish in this building a scaffold or mechanical contrivance which was unsafe or improper? * * * In the second place did the Boebling Construction Company owe a duty to plaintiff respecting this scaffold, panel or arch? * * * And in the third place was the plaintiff guilty of contributory negligence.” It may be said incidentally that defendant apparently concedes that if this was a scaffolding the mere fact that it was used by one not an employee of the defendant would not discharge the latter from liability. Huston v. Dobson, 138 App. Div. 810; Quigley v. Thatcher, 207 N. Y. 66.
The first point, therefore, to be determined on this appeal is whether the construction and circumstances revealed by this record warrant the application of section 18 of the Labor Law. I have no doubt that they'do not. The Court of Appeals has pointed out in Caddy
Plaintiff’s counsel appreciates the great discrepancy between the scaffold designated by the law and the construction involved in the case at bar, and realizes the significance of Haughey v. Thatcher, 89 App. Div. 375, in which a somewhat similar erection, spoken of asa “ temporary or false arch,” was held by a unanimous court not to be a scaffold. He concedes that this case has never been overruled or adversely criticised; but endeavors to avoid its effect by claiming that it must “ yield to later authority,” whereby he means, for example, as was said by the Court of Appeals in Bohnhoff v. Fischer, 210 N. Y. 172, that “ the said statute is to be liberally construed to accomplish its beneficent purpose. ” But, however great our sympathy with an injured workman and however great our desire to construe a statute “ liberally,” the law cannot by any device be made to cover an occurrence and set of circumstances or a structure which by its terms is manifestly excluded from its operation.
. He cites also Nixon v. Thompson-Starrett Co., 131 App. Div. 152, in which planks laid over iron floor beams to enable men to carry material over them were held to constitute a scaffold, but the very statement of the case indicates strikingly the difference between it and the one at bar. Of another case (Brady v. Pennsylvania Steel Co., 134 App. Div. 372) in which certain ties used in the construction of the deck of a bridge were held not to constitute a scaffold, he says that the decision was reversed by the Court of Appeals in 215 N. Y. 456. A reference to the latter case, however, shows that the decision of the Appellate Division which was reversed is an affirmance without an opinion,
The error in permitting the jury to consider the case as though a scaffold were involved is, of course, serious, for as the learned judge below correctly remarked, the statute has changed the old common-law rule by imposing upon the master the absolute duty of actual safety. See Holloway v. McWilliams, 97 App. Div. 360, citing Stewart v. Ferguson, 164 N. Y. 553, and referring to the former rule as enunciated in Butler v. Townsend, 126 id. 105. It is quite evident that if the element of scaffolding is removed from the case the questions to be considered by the jury will be altogether different and must be regarded from an altogether different standpoint. If this was a scaffold the safety whereof was substantially insured by the master by its very construction, there was little left for the jury to determine. For, unless it was manifestly incomplete to the point of apparent dangór, there would be difficulty in predicating contributory negligence on the part of the plaintiff upon such a state of facts, even without the assurance which he claims to have received of its safety. On the other hand, if it was not a scaffold, although the defendant might be held liable for some forms of negligence in relation thereto, it is at least a grave question whether any foreman or superintendent had authority to bind the defendant to an express or implied assurance of its safety when used
Upon these subjects we neither express nor intend to indicate any opinion, but refer to them only for the purpose of emphasizing the importance of the theory upon which the case was tried and the different emphasis to be laid upon the facts according to the one or the other theory adopted.
There were also many other issues of fact litigated, to which we have not thought it necessary to advert.
Guy, J., concurs; Cohalan, J., dissents.
Judgment reversed and new trial ordered, with costs to appellant to abide event.