17 F. 133 | U.S. Circuit Court for the District of Colorado | 1883
(orally).
This case is before the Court upon a motion for a new trial. The suit was brought by plaintiff against the sheriff to recover for the alleged neglect of the sheriff in making a levy by virtue of a writ of attachment sued out by the plaintiff. The allegation is, that the sheriff failed to levy upon sufficient property to pay the debt. The case was tried before the District Judge and a jury, and resulted in a verdict for the plaintiff. At the request of the District Judge, the motion for new trial has been heard by the full bench. I mention this lest counsel might fall into the misapprehension that motions of this character are heard by the Circuit Judge as a matter of course. It is only when the District Judge requests it that they are so heard; if it were left to counsel, every case tried before the District Judge would have to be re-heard.
The question in this case was, whether the sheriff was negligent. It appears that when he received this writ, the defendant in the attachment was in possession of a stock of goods amply sufficient to pay the entire demand of the plaintiff. When the sheriff or his deputy went to make the levy, being himself ignorant of the value of such goods as those in the possession of the defendant, he made some effort to inform himself with respect to their value; he sent for a person who was supposed to be an expert upon the subject, and was notable to find him. Upon his failure to obtain the advice of this particular individual, he contented himself with such information as lie was able to obtain from the defendants in the
As to the law which governs a case of this sort, there is not room for much controversy; indeed, there is no real difference between the counsel for plaintiff and the defendant. The rule is laid down by Shearman and Redfield on Negligence, that a sheriff to whom a valid process is issued is bound to exercise ordinary skill and diligence in its execution, and for any neglect to exercise such skill and diligence, is liable for any damages which the creditor named in the process may have in consequence sustained. In other words, what is required of the officer is the exercise of ordinary care and diligence—such care and diligence as a man of common prudence would exercise with regard to his own private affairs. He is not responsible for the use of more than ordinary diligence. Admitting this to be the rule, the difference between the counsel arises here, upon the question whether, upon the'evidence in this case, the Court was authorized to say that the sheriff was guilty of negligence, or was bound to submit the question to the jury. In view of the facts which I have stated, I think it will appear clearly enough that the sheriff did not exercise ordinary care and prudence, and that the Court was authorized so to say to the jury. The rule which prevails in the Federal Courts upon that subject is this: If the Court is of the opinion that, upon the evidence as it is presented, a verdict one way or the other by the jury—a verdict, for example, for the defendant in this case, would have to be set aside upon a motion for new trial, upon the ground that the evidence does not support it; in such ⅜ case the Court is not bound to submit the question to the jury, but may charge the jury in accordance with the view the Court takes of the proof. We are not required to go through the form of submitting a case to the jury, if we are able to say in advance that, in case the jury finds one way, the Court will set aside the verdict.
Now it is laid down in the same authority that I have quoted
There is one other question in the case, and that is as to the measure of damages. The Court instructed the jury that upon the issues in this case, if they found for the plaintiff, they were bound to find for the difference between the amount of his judgment and the amount realized upon the property which was seized under the attachment; it being a conceded fact that there was sufficient property in the store at the time the levy was made, if it had been taken upon the writ, to pay the entire claim. There is in the books some conflict upon the question as to the measure of damages in such a case; in some States it is held that the plaintiff is prima jade entitled to recover the difference between the amount realized on the property levied upon, and the amount of the judgment with interest and costs, without showing that the defendant in the attachment and in the judgment was insolvent, and that nothing can be realized by a general execution. In other States it is held that if it appears that the money could be made by another writ, that the measure of damages is the actual damage which results from the delay, costs, etc., which would be involved in the pursuit of the remedy. It is not necessary in this case to determine which of these rules is the correct one, because we are very clearly of the opinion that, under the ad
It is suggested that this is not an admission that these defendants were insolvent, but we think it is very clearly. The terms “ lands, tenements, goods, chattels and effects,” cover and embrace all kinds and every character of property, and if the defendant has neither he is certainly insolvent. It is true that this allegation relates to the time when the execution was delivered to the sheriff, which, of course, was a period somewhat later than the day of the levy of the attachment; but the Court will presume that if they were entirely insolvent at the time of the delivery of the execution, they were so at the time of the issue of the attachment. At all events, the allegation is sufficient to shift the burden, and to make it the duty of the defendant to show that the defendants in the attachment were solvent, and that the money could have been realized.
It follows that the motion for a new trial must be overruled.