Wе granted a petition for certiorari to the Supreme Court of Alabama to decide whether the Alabama courts’ approval of the class action and the settlement agreement in this case, without affording all class members the right to exclude themselves from the class or the agreement, violated the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. The Alabama Supreme Court did not address this federal issue, and it is now apparent that petitioners have failed to establish that they properly prеsented the issue to that court. We therefore dismiss the writ as improvidently granted.
I — <
In 1992, respondent Charlie Frank Robertson filed a class-action suit in an Alabama trial court, alleging that Liberty National Life Insurance Company had fraudulently encouraged its customers to еxchange existing health insurance policies for new policies that, according to Robertson, provided less coverage for cancer treatment. The trial court appointed Robertson as class representative and certified thе
*86
class pursuant to provisions of the Alabama Rules of Civil Procedure that do not give class members the right to exclude themselves from a class. See
Petitioners, who had objected to the settlement in the trial court, appealed. The Alabama Supreme Court affirmed in an opinion addressing only state-law issuеs, see
II
With “very rare exceptions,”
Yee
v.
Escondido,
Nor have petitioners met their burden of showing that the issue was properly presented to that court. When the highest state court is silent on a federal question before us, we assume that thе issue was not properly presented,
Board of
*87
Directors of Rotary Int’l
v.
Rotary Club of Duarte,
But however we phrase our requirements, petitioners here have failed to satisfy them. Petitioners have done nothing to demonstratе that they complied with the applicable state rules for raising their federal due process claim before the Alabama Supreme Court, 1 or to explain why the failure to *88 comply with those rules would not be an adequate and independent ground for the state court to disregard that claim.
Neither have petitioners satisfied us that they presented their federal claim with “fair precision and in due time.” They argue that they raised their federal due process claim in their initial brief before the Alabama Supreme Court, and point to two pages of that brief discussing
Brown
v.
Ticor,
Equally unavailing is petitioners’ reliance on three other pages of their Alabama Supreme Court brief. Although that portion begins with a heading asserting that “[m]ini-mum due process requires that Class Members be given the right to opt out or exclude themselves from the class,” see Brief for Appellants in Nos. 1931603 et al. (Sup. Ct. Ala.), p. 23, the discussion under that heading addresses only whether members of the class who were not Alabama residents had been afforded due process under
Phillips Petroleum Co.
v.
Shutts,
Nor are petitioners helped by the fact that respondents аddressed the federal due process issue raised here in their briefs as appellees in the Alabama Supreme Court. 2 Petitioners failed to address respondents’ federal due process arguments in their reply brief in the State Supreme Court and, instead, described “[t]he pivotal issue in this case” as the right to a jury trial under the Alabama Constitution. Reply Brief for Appellants in Nos. 1931603 et al. (Sup. Ct. Ala.), pp. 1-5. In these circumstances, it would have been perfectly reasonable for a state court to conclude that the broader federal claim was not before it. 3
*90 III
Petitioners having thus failed to carry their burden of showing that the claim they raise here was properly presented to the Alabama Supreme Court, we will not reach the question presented. We need not decide in this case whether our requirement that a federal claim be addressed or properly presented in state court is jurisdictional or prudential, see
Yee,
The rule serves an important interest of comity.
Bankers Life & Casualty Co., supra,
at 79. As we have explained, “it would be unseemly in our dual system of government” to disturb the finality of state judgments on a federal ground that the state court did not have occasion to consider.
Webb,
Our traditiоnal standard also reflects “practical considerations” relating to this Court’s capacity to decide issues. Bankers Life & Casualty Co., supra, at 79. Requiring parties to raise issues below not only avoids unnecessary adjudication in this Court by allowing state courts to resolve issues *91 on state-law grounds, but also assists us in our deliberations by promoting the creation of an adequate factual and legal record. See Webb, supra, at 500. Here, even if the state court’s construction of its class-action rules would not obviate the due process challenge, it would undoubtedly aid our understanding of those rules as a predicate to our assessment of their constitutional adequacy. And not incidentally, the parties would enjoy the opportunity to test and refine their positions before reaching this Court.
The only unusual considerаtion weighing in favor of reaching the question presented is that respondents failed to raise a timely objection to our granting the petition for certiorari, on the ground that the question presented in that petition had not been properly raised or addressed. 4 This Court’s Rule 15.2 “admonishe[s counsel] that they have an obligation to the Court to point out in the brief in opposition, and not later, any perceived misstatement” “of fact or law in the petition that bears on what issues properly would be before the Court if сertiorari were granted.” Without minimizing this obligation, 5 however, we find no interest here in penalizing *92 the failure of counsel to comply with Rule 15.2 that overrides the interest of comity or the value to this Court of a fully developed factual and legal record upon which to base decisions. 6
Accordingly, we dismiss the writ of сertiorari as improvidently granted..
It is so ordered.
Notes
Respondents have argued that because petitioners failed to list their federal claim in the “statement of issues” section of their appellate brief in accordance with Alabama Rule of Appellate Procedure 28(a)(3), the Alabama Supreme Court would have properly disregarded the claim even if petitioners had presented it below. See Brief for Respondent Liberty
*88
National Life Insurance Company 4, n. 2 (citing Ala. Rule App. Proc. 28(a)(3)), and
Eady
v.
Stewart Dredging & Construction Co., Inc.,
Respondent Robertson listed among issues presented for review: “Whether an opt-out provision is required by the due process [clause] and/ or trial by jury guarantees of the U. S. and Alabama Constitutions.” Brief for Appellee Robertson in Nos. 1931603 et al. (Sup. Ct. Ala.), p. 11.
Petitioners also direct our attention to 80 pages of the Joint Appendix containing papers filed in the trial court, see Reply Brief for Petitioners 2-3, n. 1 (referring to App. 93-126, 190-245). This general citation fails to comply with our requirement that petitioners provide us with
“specific
reference to the places in the record where the matter appears,” see this Court’s Rule 14.1(g)(i) (emphasis added). Moreover, the passing invocations of “due process” we found therein, see App. 196, 209, 226-227, fail to cite the Federal Constitution or any cases relying on the Fourteenth Amendment, but could have just as easily referred to the due process guarantee of the Alabama Constitution, see Ala. Const., § 13 (1901), and thus they did not meet our minimal requirement that it must be clear that a
federal
claim was presented,
Webb
v.
Webb,
Petitioners also note that they raised their federal due process claim in their petition for rehearing before the Alabama Supreme Court. While the claim presented there closely resembles the one they ask us to review, see Appellants’ Application for Rehearing and Brief in Support of Application for Rehearing in Nos. 1931603 et al. (Sup. Ct. Ala.), pp. 7-12, we have generally refused to consider issues raised clearly for the first time in a petition for rehearing when the state court is silent on the question, see
Board of Directors of Rotary Int’l
v.
Rotary Club of Duarte,
481 U. S.
*90
537, 549-550 (1987);
Hanson
v.
Denckla,
Respondent Robеrtson failed to raise the objection in his brief in opposition to the certiorari petition; respondent Liberty National waived its right to submit a brief in opposition.
Respondents’ obligation to object under Rule 15.2 was not diminished by the fact that their objection may have been based on this Court’s jurisdiction, see supra, at 90, and thus nonwaivable. Even if, contrary to the assumption underlying our discussion in the main text, the requirement that claims be raised in or addressed by the state court is jurisdictional and cannot be waived, counsel are obliged to this Cоurt (not to mention their clients) to raise such threshold issues in their briefs in opposition.
Nor is respondents’ failure to object in accordance with Rule 15.2 excused by petitioners’ failure to comply with this Court’s Rule 14.1(g)(i), which requires a petitioner seeking review of a statе-court judgment to specify, among other things, “when the federal questions sought to be reviewed were raised” in the state court system and “the method or manner of raising them and the way in which they were passed on by those courts, ... so as to show that the federal question was timely and properly raised and that this Court has jurisdiction to review the judgment on a writ of *92 certiorari.” The obligations under Rules 14.1 and 15.2 are complementary, but independent of each other.
We note, of course, that we dismissed a writ of certiorari regarding a similar question three Terms ago in
Ticor Title Ins. Co.
v.
Brown,