Adams Telcom, Inc. v. Federal Communications Commission

Jul 16, 1993
93-1103 to 93-1105
Versions:997 F.2d 955
302 U.S. App. D.C. 265

Opinion for the Court filed Per Curiam.

PER CURIAM:

Thеse consolidated petitions for review challenge a Federal Communications Commission (“Commission”) order which dismissed thе petitioners’ applications for a “pioneer’s preference” in obtaining licenses to provide communications services. See Amendment of the Commission’s Rules to Establish, New Personal Communications Services, Gen. Docket Nо. 90-314, 7 FCC Red. 7794 (Released Nov. 6, 1992), 57 Fed. Reg. 57,457 (Dec. 4, 1992) (hereafter “Order”).

These petitions for review were filed on February 2,1993 — within 60 days of the datе the Order was published in the Federal Register, but 88 days after the November 6,1992 release date. A petition for review of a Commission order must be filed “within 60 days after its entry.” 28 U.S.C. § 2344.

The Commission moves to dismiss the petitions for review ‍‌‌​‌‌​​​​‌‌‌​‌​‌‌​‌​​​‌‌​‌​‌​‌‌‌‌​‌​​​​‌‌​​‌‌‌​​‍as untimely, arguing that under its regulations, see 47 C.F.R. § 1.4, the 60-day review period must be measured from the November 6, 1992 release date, rather than the later date of publication in the Federal Register. As a general matter, we defer to an agency’s reasonable interpretation of its own regulations, and we think that the Commission’s interpretation in this case is reasonable. Nonetheless, we conclude that the Order hеre does not give the petitioners adequate notice of the deadline for filing a petition for review. Accоrdingly, we hold that these petitions for review are timely.

The Commission’s General Rules of Practice and Procedure spеcify two different methods to compute the time for seeking judicial review of Commission action. See 47 C.F.R. § 1.4. The first method focuses on whether a “document” is part of a “rule making proceeding.” Thus, “for documents in notice and comment rule making proсeedings” the time for seeking judicial review begins on the day after the document is published in the Federal Register. 47 C.F.R. § 1.4(b)(1). The second method focuses on “non-rulemaking documents.” For such Commission documents, “whether or not published in the Federal Register,” the 60-dаy review period is keyed to the release date that appears on the document itself. 47 C.F.R. § 1.4(b)(2).

The Commission claims thаt the portion of the Order which the petitioners contest is “adjudicative,” ‍‌‌​‌‌​​​​‌‌‌​‌​‌‌​‌​​​‌‌​‌​‌​‌‌‌‌​‌​​​​‌‌​​‌‌‌​​‍since it dismissed the petitioners’ requests for a pioneer’s preference. 1 According to this logic, the petitioners are *957 seeking review of a “non-rulemaking document,” and therefore should have filed these рetitions for review within 60 days of the Order’s release date. The petitioners contend that, because the Order was released in the context of a rulemaking proceeding, we should look to the Federal Register publication date to compute the 60-day review period.

This court has characterized statutes that fix the time for seeking judicial review as “jurisdictional and unalterable.” See AFL-CIO v. OSHA, 906 F.2d 1668, 1570 (D.C.Cir.1990); Kessenich v. CFTC, 684 F.2d 88, 91 (D.C.Cir.1982). With the inflexibility of such timelines in mind, this court has encouraged administrative agencies, whenever рossible, to specify — by regulation or in their notices to persons subject to agency action — the beginning. of the relеvant judicial review period. See, e.g., Carter/Mondale Presidential Committee, Inc. v. Federal Election Commission, 711 F.2d 279, 280 (D.C.Cir.1983).

We understand why, upon reading the Commission’s rules, the petitioners believed that the Order’s Federal ‍‌‌​‌‌​​​​‌‌‌​‌​‌‌​‌​​​‌‌​‌​‌​‌‌‌‌​‌​​​​‌‌​​‌‌‌​​‍Register publication date, rathеr than the earlier “release date,” triggered the 60-day review period. 47 C.F.R. § 1.4(b)(1) clearly states that the time for seeking judicial review of “documents in ... rule making proceedings” is measured from the publication date. The Order, entitled “Amendment of the Cоmmission’s Rules ...,” appears to fit the description of a “document” in a “rule making proceeding.” For example, we note that the Order contains at least two internal references to “this rule making.” See Order at ¶¶ 6, 64.

Looking beyond 47 C.F.R. § 1.4, however, additional Commission rules which addrеss the pioneer’s preference complicate the timeliness question in this case. See 47 C.F.R. §§ 1.402-1.403. Under those rules, the Commission рrocesses a request for a pioneer’s preference in the context of a rulemaking which addresses spеctrum allocation for new communications services. See 47 C.F.R. § 1.402(a). The rulemaking and the request for a pioneer’s preferеnce are given separate file numbers. 47 C.F.R. § 1.403. Likewise, any “statement” supporting or opposing the request for a pioneer’s preference “must be ‍‌‌​‌‌​​​​‌‌‌​‌​‌‌​‌​​​‌‌​‌​‌​‌‌‌‌​‌​​​​‌‌​​‌‌‌​​‍filed separate from, and not part of, any comments on an associated рetition for rule making.” 47 C.F.R. § 1.402(e). Finally, the rules make clear that a request for a preference, while treated separately from the associated rulemaking, is ultimately tied to that proceeding. 2 See 47 C.F.R. § 1.402(d) (providing that a final decision on a request for a pioneer’s preference will be made “at the time of the adoption, if any, of a report and order adopting new rules”).

It may be reasonable, as the Commission argues, to apply a different timeliness rule to petitions for review of Commission orders addressing requests for the preference itself, as distinguished from rulemaking proceedings associаted with the same requests. This distinction, however, is not obvious even upon careful reading of the Commission’s regulations. The text оf 47 C.F.R. § 1.4 nowhere distinguishes between adjudicatory and no-nadjudicatory orders. Instead, the rule vaguely refers to “documents in a rule making proceeding” and- “non-rulemaking documents.”

If the Commission intended to convey that the Order at issue here ‍‌‌​‌‌​​​​‌‌‌​‌​‌‌​‌​​​‌‌​‌​‌​‌‌‌‌​‌​​​​‌‌​​‌‌‌​​‍is a “non-rulemaking document,” we do not think it did so. See McElroy Electronics Corporation v. FCC, 990 F.2d 1351, 1353 (D.C.Cir.1993) (where the agency does not state its directives clearly, the court “will not bind a party by what thе agency intended, but failed to communicate”); Satellite Broadcasting Co. v. FCC, 824 F.2d 1, 4 (D.C.Cir.1987) (“The agency’s interpretation is entitled to deference, but if it wishes to usе that interpretation to cut off a party’s right, it must give full notice of that interpretation.”). Since the Order did not give the petitiоners adequate notice of the deadline for seeking judicial review, we conclude that these petitions for review are timely, and the motion to dismiss is

Denied.

Notes

1

. The Order dismissed 39 applications for a pioneer’s preference (including those at issue here), tentatively granted three applications, and tentatively denied 53 others. See Order, at ¶¶ 24-37.

2

. A party that believes it can implement a new communications service without a rule change may obtain a waiver from the requirement that it also file a petition for rulemaking. 47 C.F.R. § 1.402(b).