131 S.W.3d 99 | Tex. App. | 2004
Richard ACEVEDO, Appellant
v.
COMMISSION FOR LAWYER DISCIPLINE, Appellee.
Court of Appeals of Texas, San Antonio.
*101 Richard (Ricardo) Acevedo, San Antonio, pro se.
Linda A. Acevedo, State Bar of Texas, Assistant Disciplinary Counsel, Austin, and Paul H. Homburg, III, State Bar of Texas-Office of Chief Disciplinary Counsel, San Antonio, for Appellee.
*102 Sitting: ALMA L. LÓPEZ, Chief Justice, SARAH B. DUNCAN, Justice, SANDEE BRYAN MARION, Justice.
OPINION
Opinion by SARAH B. DUNCAN, Justice.
Richard Acevedo appeals the judgment disbarring him from the practice of law. We hold that a disciplinary proceeding is not governed by the geographical constraints imposed by article V, section 7 of the Texas Constitution and section 74.094(e) of the Texas Government Code; consequently, we deny Acevedo's motion to vacate the judgment and dismiss this appeal. In so holding, we disagree with Risker v. Commission for Lawyer Discipline, 94 S.W.3d 625 (Tex.App.-Houston [14th Dist.] 2002, pet. denied). Because the remaining issues raised in Acevedo's brief are likewise without merit, we affirm the judgment.
Factual and Procedural Background
After receiving complaints from two of Richard Acevedo's former clients, the Commission for Lawyer Discipline instituted a disciplinary proceeding against him. Acevedo elected a trial de novo; accordingly, the Commission filed in the Supreme Court of Texas a disciplinary petition alleging Acevedo committed professional misconduct by violating the Texas Rules of Professional Conduct. Upon receipt of the petition, the supreme court appointed the Honorable Anne Ashby, Judge of the 134th Judicial District Court of Dallas County, Texas, to preside over the disciplinary proceeding. The Clerk of the Supreme Court of Texas forwarded the disciplinary petition to Bexar County, where Acevedo resides and practiced law.
After Acevedo failed to respond to the Commission's discovery requests, including its request for admissions, the Commission moved for partial summary judgment, arguing that "[t]he request for admission[s] are ... deemed admitted and conclusively established as a matter of law." Acevedo did not respond to the motion but participated in the subsequent telephonic hearing. After the hearing, Judge Ashby stated in a letter to the parties that she had granted the Commission's motion. Thereafter, Acevedo moved to strike the deemed admissions, arguing that "other evidence... [attached to his motion] conclusively established" that he did not commit professional misconduct. Judge Ashby denied Acevedo's motion and later conducted a hearing to determine the appropriate sanction. Following this hearing, Judge Ashby signed a judgment incorporating the partial summary judgment and disbarring Acevedo. Acevedo has appealed and moved to vacate the judgment and dismiss the appeal.
Jurisdiction
In reliance upon section 74.094(e) of the Texas Government Code and Risker v. Commission for Lawyer Discipline, 94 S.W.3d 625 (Tex.App.-Houston [14th Dist.] 2002, pet. denied), Acevedo argues in his motion to vacate and his first issue on appeal that the judgment is void and must be vacated because, although the disciplinary proceeding was pending in Bexar County, Judge Ashby was in her chambers in Dallas County during the telephonic hearing on the Commission's motion for partial summary judgment. We disagree.
Under article V, section 7 of the Texas Constitution, a district court "shall conduct its proceedings at the county seat of the county in which the case is pending, except as otherwise provided by law." Tex. Const. art. V, § 7. This "county seat" requirement has been held to be jurisdictional, so that "[i]f a district court [sits] outside *103 its jurisdictional geographic area, its proceedings [are] fundamentally defective and any order based on those proceedings [is] void." Mellon Serv. Co. v. Touche Ross & Co., 946 S.W.2d 862, 863, 866, 867-68 (Tex. App.-Houston [14th Dist.] 1997, no writ) (citing Howell v. Mauzy, 899 S.W.2d 690, 699 (Tex.App.-Austin 1994, writ denied)); see also Risker v. Commission for Lawyer Discipline, 94 S.W.3d 625, 629 (Tex.App.-Houston [14th Dist.] 2002, pet. denied) (holding orders based upon telephone conference calls initiated from appointed judge's courtroom in Brown County were void because disciplinary proceeding was pending in Fort Bend County).[2] Conversely, if the judgment is not based upon "extra-territorial proceedings, ... the judgment is not void due to the out-of-county... proceedings." Risker, 94 S.W.3d at 630. In cases filed after September 1, 1999, the restriction imposed by the "county seat" requirement contained in article V, section 7 is somewhat liberalized by section 74.094(e) of the Texas Government Code, which provides that "[a] judge who has jurisdiction over a suit pending in one county may, unless objected to by any party, conduct any of the judicial proceedings except the trial on the merits in a different county." Tex. Gov't Code Ann. § 74.094(e) (Vernon Supp.2002).
In reliance upon the text of section 74.094(e) and the holding in Risker, Acevedo asks that we hold that the judgment in this case is void because Judge Ashby conducted the telephone hearing on the Commission's motion for partial summary judgment from her chambers in Dallas County when the disciplinary proceeding was pending in Bexar County. We decline to do so because we disagree with the assumption implicit in Risker and Acevedo's argumentthat a disciplinary proceeding is subject to the geographical constraints imposed by article V, section 7 of the Texas Constitution and section 74.094(e) of the Texas Government Code.
"Under Article II, Section 1 of the Texas Constitution and section 81.011(c) of the State Bar Act, the Texas Supreme Court has the power to regulate the practice of law in the State of Texas." In re State Bar of Texas, 113 S.W.3d 730, 732 (Tex.2003). "The State Bar Act gives [the] Court `administrative control over the State Bar and provides a statutory mechanism for promulgating regulations governing the practice of law.'" Id. Pursuant to this authority, the court promulgated the Texas Rules of Disciplinary Procedure. Under these rules, a disciplinary proceeding is instituted by "the Chief Disciplinary Counsel ... in the name of the Commission [for Lawyer Discipline]" by filing a "Disciplinary Petition" alleging "Professional Misconduct" "with the Clerk of the Supreme Court of Texas." Tex.R. Disciplinary P. 3.01, reprinted in Tex. Gov't Code Ann., tit.2, subtit. G app. A-1 (Vernon 1998). Because original jurisdiction over a disciplinary petition is vested in the supreme court, the county in which the disciplinary proceeding is actually conducted is a matter not of jurisdiction but of venue. See Tex.R. Disciplinary P. 3.01(C) (a disciplinary petition "must contain ... [t]he residence and principal place of practice *104 of the Respondent, or other allegations necessary to fix venue "), 2.14 (proceeding must be "heard in a district court of proper venue "), 3.03 (requiring "the Clerk of the Supreme Court [to] promptly forward the Disciplinary Petition and a copy of the Supreme Court's appointing Order to the district clerk of the county of alleged venue ") (emphasis added). Unlike jurisdiction, venue is waivable. See Farris v. Ray, 895 S.W.2d 351, 352 (Tex.1995) (per curiam) (holding "enforceable Rule 11 agreement consenting to transfer of venue amounts to an express waiver of the venue issue").
In short, while a "disciplinary proceeding[] [is] civil in nature," State Bar of Texas v. Evans, 774 S.W.2d 656, 657 n. 1 (Tex.1989), it is not an ordinary proceeding. Unlike an ordinary proceeding, a disciplinary proceeding is not filed in a trial court but in the Supreme Court of Texas; it is not filed by either the State or a private litigant but by the Commission for Lawyer Discipline, "a permanent committee of the State Bar of Texas," Tex.R. Disciplinary P. 1.06(C), which is itself an administrative agency under the administrative control of the Supreme Court of Texas, State Bar Act, Tex. Gov't Code Ann. § 81.011(a) (Vernon 1998); and it is not filed to redress a private wrong or a violation of the penal code but to hold a lawyer accountable for his professional misconduct.
We assume for purposes of our decision today that the geographical constraints imposed by article V, section 7 and section 74.094(e) are jurisdictional in ordinary proceedings. However, because the defining characteristics of a disciplinary proceeding are so unlike those of ordinary civil and criminal proceedings, and particularly because original jurisdiction over a disciplinary proceeding is lodged in the Supreme Court of Texas, we hold that the geographical constraints imposed by article V, section 7 of the Texas Constitution and section 74.094(e) of the Texas Government Code do not apply in a disciplinary proceeding. Cf. In re G.C., 980 S.W.2d 908, 909 (Tex.App.-Corpus Christi 1998, pet. denied) (holding that district court sitting as specialized juvenile court was not subject to "county seat" requirement in article V, section 7). Consequently, we deny Acevedo's motion to vacate the judgment and dismiss this appeal.
Sufficiency of the Evidence
Acevedo next argues the trial court erred in granting the Commission's motion for partial summary judgment. We again disagree.
Propriety of the Requests for Admission
Acevedo argues the Commission's requests were overly broad. See, e.g., In re Estate of Herring, 970 S.W.2d 583, 589 (Tex.App.-Corpus Christi 1998, no pet.). We disagree. Each of the Commission's requests asked Acevedo to admit or deny the specific facts necessary to establish that Acevedo violated the relevant Texas Disciplinary Rules of Professional Conduct, including Rules 1.04(a) (unconscionable fee), 1.08(a)(1)-(2), (b) (prohibited business transactions and gifts), 1.15(d) (termination of representation), 4.04(b)(2) (threatening civil, criminal, or disciplinary charges), and 8.04(a)(3) (dishonesty, fraud, and misrepresentation).
Waiver
Acevedo next argues the Commission waived its right to rely upon the deemed admissions by failing to object to his motion to strike and the attached exhibits, which he alleges controvert the deemed admissions. We again disagree.
It is true that "a party waives the right to rely upon an opponent's deemed *105 admissions unless objection is made to the introduction of evidence contrary to those admissions." Marshall v. Vise, 767 S.W.2d 699, 700 (Tex.1989). However, Marshall requires an objection when the controverting evidence is offered at trial. See id. ("Vise has waived, therefore, his right to rely upon those admissions which were controverted by testimony admitted at trial without objection.") (emphasis added). Acevedo did not seek to introduce evidence contrary to the deemed admissions at trial, i.e., the hearing on the Commission's motion for partial summary judgment.[3] Indeed, he did not seek to introduce controverting evidence until he filed his motion to strikeafter the summary judgment hearing and after Judge Ashby's letter stating she had granted the motion. And, even if we treat Acevedo's motion to strike as a motion to file summary judgment proof late, it was denied; and Acevedo has not challenged this ruling on appeal. Under these circumstances, the exhibits attached to Acevedo's motion to strike did not become part of the summary judgment record. See Valores Corporativos, S.A. de C.V. v. McLane Co., Inc., 945 S.W.2d 160, 162 (Tex.App.-San Antonio 1997, writ denied). Since no evidence controverting the deemed admissions was offered at trial, the Commission was under no obligation to object to preserve its right to rely upon the deemed admissions.
Adequacy of the Deemed Admissions
Acevedo next argues that the deemed admissions "do not establish all the elements needed for summary judgment." We again disagree.
Admissions of fact on file at the time of a summary judgment hearing are proper summary judgment proof, Tex.R. Civ. P. 166a(c), and thus will support a motion for partial summary judgment. See, e.g., CEBI Metal Sanayi Ve Ticaret A.S. v. Garcia, 108 S.W.3d 464, 466 (Tex.App.-Houston [14th Dist.] 2003, no pet.). Here, the deemed admissions establish that Acevedo was an attorney licensed to practice law in the State of Texas and a member of the State Bar of Texas; he was hired by JoAnn Bernal and paid $2000 to represent Ricardo Hernandez in a pending deportation matter but did not have Bernal sign a contract and did not perform the work he represented to Bernal he would perform; he misrepresented the deportation bonding process to Bernal and that he had hired an investigator for $1200; he refused Bernal's requests for a refund of unearned fees and the return of her file; and he threatened Bernal and Hernandez at the State Bar offices at the time of the investigatory hearing. These deemed admissions clearly support Judge Ashby's rulings that Acevedo charged Bernal an unconscionable fee in violation of Rule 1.04(a), refused to return her file in violation of Rule 1.15(d), threatened Bernal and Hernandez in violation of Rule 4.04(b)(2), and misrepresented to Bernal the deportation bonding process and that he had hired an investigator in violation of Rule 8.04(a)(3).
*106 The deemed admissions also establish that Acevedo was hired by Josephine Stiles to provide legal advice regarding an agreement she had reached with Matilda Perez, an employee of Adult Protective Services, regarding Stiles' property at 1825 La Manda in San Antonio, Texas; and Acevedo obtained Stiles' unlimited power of attorney and prepared legal documents transferring the property at 1825 La Manda to his wife Janet with neither monetary consideration nor assumption of the loan on the property and then filed these documents with the Bexar County Clerk. The deemed admissions also establish that Acevedo was aware Stiles could not read the documents because she was unable to read the small print and that he misrepresented the true purpose of the documents. These findings clearly support Judge Ashby's rulings that Acevedo entered into a prohibited transaction with his client in violation of Rule 1.08 and engaged in dishonesty and misrepresentation in violation of Rule 8.04(a)(3).
Res Judicata and Collateral Estoppel
Acevedo next argues Judge Ashby "erred because use of evidence from [Acevedo v. Stiles, No. 04-02-00077-CV, 2003 WL 21010604 (Tex.App.-San Antonio May 7, 2003, pet. denied) ] is barred by res judicata and collateral estoppel." We again disagree.
"A party seeking to assert the bar of collateral estoppel must establish that (1) the facts sought to be litigated in the second action were fully and fairly litigated in the first action, (2) those facts were essential to the judgment in the first action, and (3) the parties were cast as adversaries in the first action." Neely v. Commission for Lawyer Discipline, 976 S.W.2d 824, 827 (Tex.App.-Houston [1st Dist.] 1998, no pet.). Collateral estoppel applies to "ultimate issue[s] of fact actually litigated and essential to the judgment in a prior suit." Gonzalez v. State Bar of Texas, 904 S.W.2d 823, 830 (Tex.App.-San Antonio 1995, writ denied). "The doctrine of res judicata in Texas holds that a final judgment in an action bars the parties and their privies from bringing a second suit `not only on matters actually litigated, but also on causes of action or defenses which arise out of the same subject matter and which might have been litigated in the first suit.'" Compania Financiara Libano, S.A. v. Simmons, 53 S.W.3d 365, 367 (Tex. 2001) (quoting Barr v. Resolution Trust Corp., 837 S.W.2d 627, 630 (Tex.1992)).
Stiles, Acevedo's former client, sued Acevedo and his wife Janet for, inter alia, breach of fiduciary duty. See Acevedo, 2003 WL 21010604, at *1. The trial court rendered judgment on the jury's verdict and, in addition to awarding Stiles the $40,000 in damages awarded by the jury, ordered that the warranty deed conveying Stiles' home to Janet Acevedo be set aside and declared void, a quitclaim deed Stiles had signed in favor of Janet Acevedo also be set aside, title quieted in Stiles against the Acevedos, and the Acevedos to vacate the property. See id. This court affirmed the trial court's judgment; and the supreme court denied the Acevedos' petition for review. See id.
Clearly the "ultimate issue[s] of fact" in this disciplinary proceedingthat Acevedo is subject to discipline for violating several of the Disciplinary Rules of Professional Conductwere not "actually litigated," "essential to the judgment," or "finally adjudicated" in Stiles' breach of fiduciary lawsuit against the Acevedos. Nor can it be said that the Commission's allegations of professional misconduct could have been litigated in Stiles' breach of fiduciary lawsuit. Accordingly, neither res judicata nor collateral estoppel is implicated.
*107 Legal Malpractice
Acevedo next argues Judge Ashby "erred because [his] disbarment arises from claims for legal malpractice" that were not made in "the underlying Stiles lawsuit." We disagree.
An attorney disciplinary action is "not an attorney malpractice case where the standard of care is at issue. Rather, [it] is a disciplinary proceeding where the appropriate interpretation of the Rules of Conduct and a factual determination of whether [the attorney's] conduct met or violated the Rules is at issue." Hawkins v. Commission for Lawyer Discipline, 988 S.W.2d 927, 936 (Tex.App.-El Paso 1999, pet. denied), cert. denied, 529 U.S. 1022, 120 S. Ct. 1426, 146 L. Ed. 2d 317 (2000). Thus Stiles exercised her right to sue the Acevedos on her personal cause of action for breach of the fiduciary duties owed to her; and the Commission has exercised its right to bring this disciplinary proceeding against Acevedo for his professional misconduct.
Due Process
Acevedo next argues he "was denied his basic due process rights to have the State Bar present evidence showing intentional wrongdoing or a fraudulent breach of fiduciary duty and that such caused injury to either Bernal or Stiles." We again disagree. The predicate for a disciplinary sanction does not require a showing of intentional wrongdoing, a fraudulent breach of fiduciary duty, or injury to a client; it requires only "Professional Misconduct." See Tex.R. Disciplinary P. 3.09.
Disbarment Sanction
Finally, Acevedo argues Judge Ashby abused her discretion in disbarring him. We are unable to consider this issue, however, because Acevedo has failed to provide us with a reporter's record of the sanctions hearing. See Sandoval v. Commission for Lawyer Discipline, 25 S.W.3d 720, 722 (Tex.App.-Houston [14th Dist.] 2000, pet. denied).[4]
Conclusion
In summary, we hold that a disciplinary proceeding is not subject to the geographical constraints imposed by article V, section 7 of the Texas Constitution and section 74.094(e) of the Texas Government Code and therefore deny Acevedo's motion to vacate the judgment and dismiss this appeal. Because Acevedo's remaining complaints are likewise without merit, we affirm the judgment.
NOTES
[2] See also, e.g., Garza v. State, 974 S.W.2d 251, 262 (Tex.App.-San Antonio 1998, pet. ref'd) (citing Stine v. State, 908 S.W.2d 429, 431 (Tex.Crim.App.1995)); DeShazo v. Hall, 963 S.W.2d 958, 960 (Tex.App.-Houston [14th Dist.] 1998, no pet.) (holding judgment void because hearing on cross motions for judgment conducted outside county in which case was pending); but see Fain v. State, 986 S.W.2d 666, 674 n. 11 (Tex.App.-Austin 1998, pet. ref'd)(en banc) ("we are persuaded by Judge Meyer's explanation [in his concurrence in Stine ] that the `county seat' provision of article V, section 7 is not jurisdictional").
[3] The Texarkana Court of Appeals has held that the Marshall rule does not apply in the summary judgment context. See Beasley v. Burns, 7 S.W.3d 768, 770 (Tex.App.-Texarkana 1999, pet. denied). However, a summary judgment hearing is considered a "trial" for purposes of amended pleadings under Texas Rule of Civil Procedure 63. See, e.g., Lincoln Prop. Co. v. Kondos 110 S.W.3d 712, 714 (Tex.App.-Dallas 2003, no pet.); Domizio v. Progressive County Mut. Ins. Co., 54 S.W.3d 867, 876 (Tex.App.-Austin 2001, pet. denied). And we can conceive of no reason it would not be considered a "trial" for purposes of the Marshall rule. We need not decide this issue here, however. We assume for purposes of our decision that the Marshall rule applies in the summary judgment context.
[4] After Judge Ashby signed the judgment, Acevedo filed an affidavit of inability to pay the costs of his appeal. The Commission filed a contest, which was sustained after Acevedo failed to establish indigency at the ensuing hearing. This court affirmed the order and ordered Acevedo to file the reporter's record by February 28, 2003. Acevedo v. Commission for Lawyer Discipline, No. 04-02-00718-CV, 2003 WL 179995 (Tex.App.-San Antonio Jan. 29, 2003, pet. denied, mandamus denied) (order). Acevedo did not comply with our order. Thereafter, the reporter filed a notification of late record because Acevedo had not paid or made arrangements to pay the reporter's fee. On March 28, 2003, we ordered Acevedo to provide written proof by April 7, 2003 that he had either paid the fee or made arrangement to pay the fee. We further ordered that "[i]f appellant fails to respond within the time provided ... the court will only consider those issues or points raised in appellant's brief that do not require a reporter's record for a decision." See Tex.R.App.P. 37.3(c). Acevedo failed to comply with our March 28 order.
