134 Tenn. 604 | Tenn. | 1915
delivered the opinion of the Court.
The plaintiffs in error were arraigned and tried in the circuit court of Putnam county, under an indictment containing two counts. The first charged them with forging a deed purporting to have been signed by one Sam Eastland, and the second with passing this instrument, to the prejudice of the prosecutor J. H. Johnson and,his brother Lewis Johnson. The deed was set out in full in each count, and, according to its terms, described and conveyed a tract of land in Putnam county. The evidence shows that the timber on this land belonged to the prosecutor and his said brother. It also shows that the alleged Sam Eastland was a fictitious person; that the deed was prepared by an attorney at the instance of the plaintiffs in error, taken to Cumberland county by them, and in that county, at a place called Crab Orchard, a man was introduced to the notary, Brown, as Sam Eastland; that this party so personating that fictitious person was introduced to the notary by plaintiff in error J. II. Abston as Sam Eastland, and that person executed and acknowledged the deed as and for the said fictitious Sam Eastland; and when a certificate was appended to the instrument it was forwarded by J. H. Abston to the register of Putnam county and duly registered. C. L. Abston went to Cumberland county for the purpose of assisting his brother J. H. in the interprise, and was privy to it, but returned home before the paper was actually
It is unnecessary to speculate as to the ground of the jury’s action on the first count, since whatever may have been their reasons, it is clear that the deed having been forged. in Cumberland county, the venue )wa)s there. However, as a preliminary to finding the plaintiffs in error guilty under the second count, they must have found that the deed was a forged instrument, and that the plaintiffs in error were aware of the fact when they passed it. It is insisted that the evidence does not sustain the verdict on this point, but we are of the opinion that it does.
1. Our statute reads:
“Forgery is the'fraudulent making or alteration of any writing to the prejudice of another’s rights.” Shan. Code, section 6596.
2. On the subject of “passing” the forged instrument, our statute reads: .
*609 “Whoever fraudulently passes or transfers, or offers to pass or transfer, any forged paper, knowing it to be forged, with intent to defraud another, is guilty of a felony.” Shan. Code, section 6597.
The passing or offering to pass under the terms of the section does not embrace two crimes.
“We do not think that this statute creates two separate and distinct felonies. It merely declares, in effect, that the felony named shall be complete upon the offer to perform the felonious act. . . . Undoubtedly, a person might he properly indicted and convicted, for either the offer to pass, or for the passing. But the passing is merely the completion of the act of offering to pass, since the party could hardly pass the forged paper without offering to pass it.” State v. Haynes, 6 Cold. (46 Tenn.), 550, 556.
Since the charge of passing forged paper under this statute includes the offering to pass, it is equivalent to the charge of uttering forged paper at common law. “Uttering,” says Wharton, “has been held to be proved by staking at a gaming table; paying to a woman as the price of illicit connection; leaving on a shop counter, when this was preceded by the offer of the forged instrument in payment of goods, and the detection of its spuriousness by the shopkeeper; exhibiting to others forged'testimonials of character for the purpose of fraudulently obtaining an office of emolument; putting a forged deed on record, ” etc. 2 Whar.
Counsel for plaintiffs in error insist that the John-sons could not have been injured by such a deed, since, if forged, with the name of a fictitious person no title could he carried, nor any interest whatsoever. But the deed placed of record not only operated as a cloud on the title, but the plaintiffs in error publicly claimed the land thereunder, and actually began cutting timber on this claim, whereby the Johnsons were forced to the expense of a lawsuit to obtain an injunction. Moreover, under our laws on the subject of adverse holding of land, if the plaintiffs in error could have obtained possession, this deed would have defined their boundaries so as to cover the whole tract, and, purporting as it does to convey an estate in fee, would have enabled them, after the expiration of seven years of continuous possession thereunder, to toll the true title, and thus obtain the real ownership of the land, although the deed was only a forged instrument. Clark v. Chase, 5
There is no error in the judgment of the trial court, and it must therefore be affirmed.