30 Minn. 482 | Minn. | 1883
This was an action for damages for injuries to plaintiff’s horse and wagon, alleged to have been caused by the negligence of defendant. At' the time of the accident the horse and wagon were in charge of one Barnum, the servant of plaintiff. When the evidence closed, the court directed a verdict for defendant, on the ground that it appeared that Barnum was guilty of negligence which contributed to the injury. The correctness of this direction is the only question presented by the case. 1
Negligence is ordinarily a question for the jury. It is always so where the evidence on material points is conflicting, or where, the facts being undisputéd, different minds might reasonably draw different conclusions from them. Negligence cannot be conclusively established, as a matter of law, upon a state of facts on which fair-minded men of ordinary intelligence may differ as to the inferences to be drawn from it; and when the question of negligence arises upon even a conceded state of facts from which reasonable men might arrive at different conclusions, it must be submitted to the jury, and if the inferences to be drawn from the evidence are not certain or incontrovertible, the question of negligence cannot be passed upon by the court. The evidential facts may be all admitted, and yet the question of negligence not be a question for the pourt; for in such ease this'is the main fact, the existence or non-existence of which is to be inferred from the other facts. But where the facts are undisputed or conclusively proved, and there is no reasonable chance for drawing different conclusions from them, then the question, as in any other case, becomes one of law for the court. And even if there be controversy in the evidence as to some facts, yet if those that are uncontroverted
All that remains is to apply these general rules to the facts of this case. After a careful examination of the evidence, we think the following facts are conceded or conclusively proved: Defendant’s road in the city of Minneapolis, running north-west and south-east, crosses Franklin avenue, which runs east and west, at its intersection with Cedar avenue, which runs north and south. This portion of the road is between the depot and the city yard, and the lower or freight yard in south Minneapolis, and is used in the almost constant handling of cars in the usual course of business between the two yards, as well as for the passage of regular trains, being traversed by at least from 40 to 50 trains and engines per day, besides the regular trains. These irregular trains do not run on schedule time. At this crossing at which the accident occurred, the railroad consists of two parallel and straight main tracks, the eastern one of which is used for outgoing and the western one for ingoing trains. At or near this crossing there are also some switch or side-tracks, coming into the main tracks. There is also a sign-board containing the words “Look out for the cars.” The company also kept a flagman at the crossing.
Barnum, the driver of the horse and wagon, had been employed at plaintiff’s store, on the corner of Franklin and Cedar avenues, for about a month, clerking and driving this delivery wagon, and hence was necessarily familiar with the tracks and the passage of trains. On the morning in question, he approached this crossing from the east, by Franklin avenue, driving this wagon. Galliger, the flagman, signalled him of an approaching train, and then passed over towards the west side of the railroad tracks, to signal teams approaching from that side. Almost immediately the Chicago train from the
While we appreciate the .caution that should be used in taking a case of this kind from the jury, especially when the circumstances are somewhat numerous and complicated, yet we are compelled to say that the act of Barnum in thus rushing so hastily upon the track, without awaiting any signal from the flagman or using his own eyes by looking up the track, was, under all the circumstances, so clearly and palpably an act of negligence that ,we cannot say that the court erred in directing a verdict for defendant. That ordinary prudence requires one who enters upon a railroad crossing to use his senses for the purpose of ascertaining whether he may cross in safety, is, as has been said, an established rule of both law and experience. This
It is undoubtedly true that there may exist exceptional circumstances that might excuse a traveller from looking for approaching trains, as where the view of the track is obstructed — in other words, where compliance with the rule would be unavailing — or where the direct act of the company or its agent has put the person off his guard and induced him to cross the track without using this precaution. For example, had the flagman signalled Barnum to cross, or had the latter seen the flagman standing where he could see an approaching .train on this track, but giving no signal that a train was approaching, he might have had a right to assume, without looking, that there was no danger. But, in the absence of either of these states of facts, and with his knowledge of the frequency with which trains,passed, it was clearly his duty to use his own eyes before driving upon the track. For him to thus rush upon it without using this precaution, and so .close to the rear of the Chicago train as not to give the flagman time to signal the approach of another train, was clearly negligence. We may also remark that, in our judgment, the evidence almost conclusively shows that the bell was being rung upon the engine of the train which caused the injury. The fact that there was so much noise that Barnum possibly could not -hear it, was an additional reason why he should have used his sense of sight.
Order affirmed.