United States v. Mohamed Fadiga, 2017 WL 2367981

Officer stopped a car for an expired license plate; driver Barry lacked registration and claimed not to know the car's owner or destination. Passenger Fadiga produced a rental agreement showing the car was past its return date and neither occupant was authorized to drive it.
When Fadiga opened his wallet, the officer saw many plastic cards instead of cash; both occupants consented to a vehicle search.
Search recovered a large bag of gift cards; officer requested a card reader from dispatch and detained the occupants while awaiting its arrival (≈30 minutes). The card reader later showed the cards were tampered with.
Fadiga was convicted by jury of possessing more than 15 unauthorized access devices (18 U.S.C. §1029(a)(3)) and sentenced to 30 months.
Fadiga moved to suppress evidence, arguing the stop was unlawfully extended under Rodriguez v. United States; he also challenged the venire composition as racially discriminatory (48-person panel contained no Black jurors).
District courts denied suppression and the jury-selection challenge; appellate court affirmed.

Issue	Plaintiff's Argument	Defendant's Argument	Held
Whether delay to await card reader violated Fourth Amendment under Rodriguez	Fadiga: delay to wait for card reader unlawfully extended traffic stop absent reasonable suspicion	Government: facts (consent search, large number of gift cards, inconsistent ownership statements, unauthorized use of rental car) gave reasonable suspicion and also justified detention until car-use authority was resolved	Delay lawful — reasonable suspicion justified investigative delay; occupants could be detained because they lacked authority to use rental car
Whether composition of venire showed racial discrimination in jury selection	Fadiga: 48-member venire with zero Black jurors is statistically improbable given ~20% Black population, implying discrimination	Government: no evidence of discriminatory practice; selection followed district plan drawing from voter-registration lists; no showing of departure from statute or process	Rejected — defendant failed to show selection procedures or discriminatory practice; challenge must proceed under Jury Selection and Service Act with specific proof and discovery

Rodriguez v. United States, 575 U.S. 348 (2015) (police may not extend a traffic stop to conduct unrelated investigations absent reasonable suspicion)
Holland v. Illinois, 493 U.S. 474 (1990) (no right to racial balance on any particular jury)
United States v. Phillips, 239 F.3d 829 (7th Cir. 2001) (venire composition not significant if selection rules observed)
United States v. Ashley, 54 F.3d 311 (7th Cir. 1995) (addressing standards for jury selection challenges)

AFFIRMED