United States v. Kemp
705 F. App'x 741
| 10th Cir. | 2017Background
- Christopher Kemp pled guilty to escaping from custody (18 U.S.C. § 751) and, while awaiting sentencing, assaulted a correctional officer with a makeshift knife.
- At sentencing the district court denied Kemp an acceptance-of-responsibility reduction under U.S.S.G. § 3E1.1 because of the postconviction assault.
- Kemp also challenged a warrantless-search condition of supervised release and sought clarification/modification of the written standard conditions imposed at sentencing versus the District of Kansas’s standing order.
- After the sentencing at issue, Kemp was convicted of possession of contraband in prison (the makeshift knife) in a separate case; that later judgment included a different set of standard supervised-release conditions tracking the District’s standing order.
- The Tenth Circuit considered (1) whether the district court erred by relying on unrelated postconviction conduct to deny acceptance-of-responsibility, (2) the validity of the warrantless-search condition, and (3) whether the supervised-release conditions should be modified to match the District’s standing order.
Issues
| Issue | Plaintiff's Argument | Defendant's Argument | Held |
|---|---|---|---|
| Whether district court may consider postconviction, presentencing criminal conduct in denying § 3E1.1 reduction | Kemp argued the assault was unrelated to the escape and thus should not negate acceptance | District court relied on postconviction assault as indicia of lack of contrition | Court affirmed: postconviction criminal conduct (even if unrelated) may be considered when denying § 3E1.1 (Prince controls) |
| Whether warrantless-search condition of supervised release is invalid because Kemp is not a sex-offender registrant | Kemp argued he is not required to register and so the search condition was improper | Government relied on Tenth Circuit precedent upholding such conditions | Court affirmed: Flaugher forecloses Kemp’s challenge; condition may stand |
| Whether supervised-release conditions should be modified to match District of Kansas standard conditions | Kemp sought modification to mirror current standing order to avoid confusion between two judgments | Government did not oppose matching the current standing order absent good cause | Court remanded: district court should modify conditions to reflect Standing Order No. 16-2 unless good cause to deviate |
| Whether panel should overrule prior circuit precedent (Prince) | Kemp implicitly sought different rule | Government and court relied on stare decisis; no en banc or Supreme Court authority to overrule | Court declined to overrule Prince; one panel cannot overturn another panel’s precedent |
Key Cases Cited
- United States v. Prince, 204 F.3d 1021 (10th Cir. 2000) (allows consideration of postindictment criminal conduct unrelated to the conviction when denying § 3E1.1 credit)
- United States v. Jordan, 549 F.3d 57 (1st Cir. 2008) (postindictment criminal conduct may show lack of contrition for acceptance-of-responsibility analysis)
- United States v. Mara, 523 F.3d 1036 (9th Cir. 2008) (continuing criminal conduct inconsistent with acceptance of responsibility even if different in nature)
- United States v. White, 782 F.3d 1118 (10th Cir. 2015) (one panel cannot overrule another panel absent en banc or intervening Supreme Court decision)
- United States v. Flaugher, 805 F.3d 1249 (10th Cir. 2015) (upholds warrantless-search condition of supervised release)
