United States v. Jamad Jacque Wallace
18-13997
11th Cir.Sep 18, 2019Background
- Wallace pleaded guilty to possession of stolen firearms (18 U.S.C. § 922(j)) and entered a plea agreement that included an appeal waiver of "any right to appeal or any other court review" of his sentence, except for ineffective assistance of counsel; two narrow waiver exceptions were included (if the court imposed a sentence exceeding the guideline range as determined by the court, or if the government appealed).
- Wallace initialed each page and signed the plea agreement; the district court conducted a plea colloquy during which it informed Wallace of the waiver and its exceptions, and Wallace stated he had no questions and gave up his appeal rights as set forth.
- The PSR calculated a guideline range of 100–120 months; Wallace objected to the base offense level and a specific enhancement under U.S.S.G. § 2K2.1.
- At sentencing the court overruled Wallace’s objections and imposed a 120‑month sentence (statutory maximum), with half to run consecutive to an undischarged state life sentence.
- Wallace appealed contesting the district court’s guideline determinations; the government moved to dismiss the appeal as barred by the plea‑agreement waiver.
- The Eleventh Circuit found the waiver was knowingly and voluntarily made, that no waiver exception applied, dismissed the appeal, and declined to resolve Wallace’s ineffective‑assistance claim on direct appeal (noting § 2255 is the preferred vehicle per Massaro).
Issues
| Issue | Wallace's Argument | Government's Argument | Held |
|---|---|---|---|
| Whether Wallace may challenge the sentence on appeal despite the plea‑agreement appeal waiver | Wallace seeks to appeal the district court’s guideline rulings at sentencing | The waiver bars appellate review because it was knowingly and voluntarily made and no exception applies | Waiver enforced; appeal dismissed |
| Whether the appeal waiver was made knowingly and voluntarily | Wallace does not dispute the colloquy but pursued the sentencing challenge | Government points to the signed plea agreement and the district court’s specific questioning during the plea colloquy | Waiver was made knowingly and voluntarily |
| Whether any exception to the waiver applies (court‑imposed sentence exceeding the guideline range as determined by the court; government appeal) | Wallace argues the district court erred in guideline calculations (implying review should be allowed) | Government notes sentence was within the guideline range as determined by the court and government did not appeal | No exception applied; sentence was within the court‑determined guideline range |
| Whether the court will decide Wallace’s ineffective‑assistance claim on direct appeal | Wallace preserves an ineffective‑assistance claim | Government moved to dismiss the appeal based on the waiver; did not concede ineffective‑assistance issue | Court declined to address ineffective assistance on direct appeal (record insufficient); §2255 preferred per Massaro |
Key Cases Cited
- United States v. Bascomb, 451 F.3d 1292 (11th Cir. 2006) (courts will enforce appeal waivers that are knowing and voluntary)
- United States v. Bushert, 997 F.2d 1343 (11th Cir. 1993) (waiver is knowing and voluntary if district court specifically questions defendant about waiver or record shows full understanding)
- Massaro v. United States, 538 U.S. 500 (2003) (§ 2255 proceedings are generally the preferred forum for ineffective‑assistance claims)
