737 S.E.2d 830
S.C.2012Background
- Stallings hosted regular poker games at his Mount Pleasant home advertised via a social-network site, attracting players including respondents who paid buy-ins and where Stallings took a rake to cover costs.
- The group often played twice weekly with 5–20 dollar buy-ins and pots typically small, and participants wagered money on the games.
- Respondents were charged under § 16-19-40(a) for playing a card game in a house used as a place of gaming; the events occurred at a private residence, not a dedicated commercial gaming venue.
- The municipal judge admitted expert testimony that Texas Hold’em is a game of skill, but the court proceeded on whether the statute criminalizes gambling in a residence when money is wagered.
- The circuit court reversed, concluding either a directed verdict should be granted or the statute unconstitutional; the majority reversed and upheld the convictions.
- There is ongoing dispute about what qualifies as a “house used as a place of gaming” and whether gambling on a skill-based game still falls within the prohibition.
Issues
| Issue | Plaintiff's Argument | Defendant's Argument | Held |
|---|---|---|---|
| Whether respondents were entitled to a directed verdict. | State argues §16-19-40 prohibits gambling in a house used for gaming; wagering on skill-based poker in a home is prohibited. | Respondents argue wagering on a game of skill in a residence is not prohibited by §16-19-40. | No; directed verdict not warranted; statute covers gambling in a house used as a place of gaming. |
| Whether §16-19-40(a) is unconstitutional on vagueness/overbreadth grounds. | State contends the statute provides adequate notice and standards; not unconstitutionally vague or overbroad. | Respondents contend the phrase 'house used as a place of gaming' is vague and gives police too much discretion. | Not unconstitutional on the majority view; statute is sufficiently definite given prior interpretations and context. |
Key Cases Cited
- State v. Lane, 82 S.C. 144, 63 S.E. 612 (1909) (evidence of gambling den need not prove repeated gambling)
- Faulkener, 13 S.C.L. (2 McCord) 438 (1823) (residence can qualify as prohibited location under early version of statute)
- Brice, 4 S.C.L. (2 Brev.) 66 (1806) (dissent noting casual home gambling not intended by statute)
- State v. Red, 41 S.C.L. (7 Rich.) 8 (1853) (gambling depends on wagering, not skill vs chance)
- State v. White, 218 S.E.2d 754 (1950) (recognizes gambling scope including skill-based wagering)
