616 B.R. 458
Bankr. W.D.N.Y.2020Background
- Select Portfolio holds a mortgage on 333 Old Glenwood Rd., Aurora, NY; borrower Thomas J. Kearns, II defaulted and owes ~$202,844 against property valued at $61,000.
- Over 12 years Kearns missed ~140 mortgage payments and failed to pay taxes/insurance; state-court foreclosure judgment entered and sale repeatedly scheduled.
- Kearns (with attorney Matthew Lazroe) filed four skeletal Chapter 13 petitions within 24 months, each filed hours before scheduled foreclosure sales, each missing required schedules, forms, and a Chapter 13 plan, and each was dismissed for failure to prosecute.
- In the fourth case Select Portfolio moved to terminate the automatic stay, for in rem relief under § 362(d)(4)(B), and § 1301(c)(3); the Chapter 13 trustee moved to dismiss for cause; Kearns did not meaningfully oppose.
- The court held the automatic stay terminated by operation of 11 U.S.C. § 362(c)(3)(A) (30 days after filing) but alternatively granted relief from stay under §§ 362(d)(1),(d)(2), and 1301(c)(3).
- The court granted Select Portfolio in rem relief under § 362(d)(4)(B) (effective 2 years), dismissed the case for cause and bad faith under § 1307, and enjoined Kearns (and related persons/entities) from filing a bankruptcy petition for 24 months.
Issues
| Issue | Plaintiff's Argument (Select Portfolio) | Defendant's Argument (Kearns) | Held |
|---|---|---|---|
| Whether the automatic stay remained in effect after filing | Stay should not block foreclosure because prior Chapter 13 was dismissed within a year; § 362(c)(3)(A) terminates stay after 30 days | No opposition; did not seek extension under § 362(c)(3)(B) | Stay terminated by operation of law on April 3, 2020; alternatively stay lifted for cause |
| Whether stay should be terminated for cause under §§ 362(d)(1) & (d)(2) and § 1301(c)(3) | Debtor has no equity, is deeply underwater, missed many payments and taxes; no prospect of effective reorganization | No opposition / offered no substantive defense | Court found cause and terminated stay under §§ 362(d)(1), (d)(2) and 1301(c)(3) |
| Whether in rem relief under § 362(d)(4)(B) is appropriate | Serial filings timed to predawn foreclosure sales constitute a scheme to hinder/delay; in rem relief needed to prevent further abuse and clear title cloud | No opposition; counsel offered only perfunctory remarks | Court granted in rem relief under § 362(d)(4)(B) (binding for 2 years) |
| Whether case should be dismissed and future filings barred | Dismissal for failure to prosecute and bad-faith serial filings; injunction needed to protect the system and creditor | No opposition; counsel failed to file required forms and disclosures | Case dismissed for cause under § 1307(c); court enjoined Kearns (and related persons/entities) from filing for 24 months under §§ 105(a) and 349(a) |
Key Cases Cited
- In re Behrens, 501 B.R. 351 (B.A.P. 8th Cir. 2013) (defining a "scheme" to delay or hinder creditors under § 362(d)(4))
- In re Casse, 198 F.3d 327 (2d Cir. 1999) (bad faith filings can be cause to dismiss Chapter 13 and to bar future filings)
- In re Anderson, 594 B.R. 509 (Bankr. D. Me. 2018) (inference of intent to hinder from serial filings; § 362(d)(4) analysis)
- In re Montalvo, 416 B.R. 381 (Bankr. E.D.N.Y. 2009) (timing of multiple filings as evidence of intent to delay creditors)
- In re Wilke, 429 B.R. 916 (Bankr. N.D. Ill. 2010) (interpretation of "scheme" and § 362(d)(4))
- In re Henderson, 395 B.R. 893 (Bankr. D.S.C. 2008) (serial filings on eve of foreclosure as strong evidence of intent to delay)
