476 P.3d 972
Or. Ct. App.2020Background
- Petitioner (senior pastor) leased church space to respondent, who ran a school; petitioner gave respondent 14 days to vacate after terminating the lease.
- On August 7 (during the 14-day period), petitioner approached respondent about removal of school property; respondent said there was “a special place in hell for pastors like you” and allegedly poked a finger in his chest.
- On August 21, respondent and her father confronted petitioner at the church driveway; respondent pushed past her father, grazed petitioner with her fingertips, ripped up the notice, threw keys that bounced off petitioner’s face, and yelled expletives; petitioner said he would call 9-1-1 and they left.
- Petitioner obtained a temporary stalking protective order (SPO) based on the August 7 and August 21 contacts; after a hearing the trial court found petitioner credible and issued a permanent SPO.
- Respondent appealed, arguing (inter alia) insufficient evidence that there were two qualifying "unwanted contacts" and that petitioner’s subjective alarm was objectively reasonable.
Issues
| Issue | Plaintiff's Argument | Defendant's Argument | Held |
|---|---|---|---|
| Whether the Aug. 7 contact (finger poke + speech) qualified as an "unwanted contact" that gave rise to objectively reasonable alarm | Petitioner: the poke and hostile words were unwanted and alarmed him | Respondent: the contact occurred while she had permission to be on church property during the move-out period; conduct was nonthreatening context and amounted to anger/harangue, not a threat | Court: The record lacks evidence that a reasonable person in petitioner’s situation would have perceived a threat of physical injury; Aug. 7 contact did not qualify |
| Whether there were legally sufficient "repeated" unwanted contacts to support an SPO | Petitioner: both Aug. 7 and Aug. 21 incidents together establish repeated unwanted contacts | Respondent: without Aug. 7 qualifying, only one qualifying incident remains | Court: Because Aug. 7 did not qualify, petitioner failed to prove two or more qualifying contacts; SPO reversed |
Key Cases Cited
- Miller v. Hoefer, 269 Or. App. 218 (2015) (speech alone does not qualify as a threatening contact for an SPO unless it instills fear of imminent serious violence)
- King v. W.T.F., 276 Or. App. 533 (2016) (appellate sufficiency review of SPO evidence viewed in light most favorable to trial court)
- Brown v. Roach, 249 Or. App. 579 (2012) ("danger" means a threat of physical injury, not mere annoyance)
- Greenwade v. Tepper, 285 Or. App. 646 (2017) (no objectively reasonable alarm where incident showed no endangerment or future risk)
- Reitz v. Erazo, 248 Or. App. 700 (2012) (contextually relevant speech may inform evaluation of non‑speech contacts)
- Van Buskirk v. Ryan, 233 Or. App. 170 (2010) (hyperbole and rhetorical excess generally do not warrant an SPO)
- Huber v. Landolt, 267 Or. App. 753 (2014) (legislature did not authorize SPOs for merely unsettling or unpleasant conduct)
- Valerio v. Valerio, 224 Or. App. 265 (2009) (SPO statute requires repeated contacts; if one incident fails to qualify, analysis of lone remaining incident is unnecessary)
