Susan Chatelain v. Gideon Math & Reading LLC
05-16-00458-CV
| Tex. App. | Aug 8, 2017Background
- Chatelain operated a math/reading tutoring center and used proprietary materials sold by Gideon Math & Reading LLC.
- In January 2012 Gideon required existing users (including Chatelain) to sign a standardized "License Agreement" granting a non-exclusive, nontransferable license to use Gideon materials and marks; Gideon retained ownership and required return of materials on termination.
- The agreement contained an exclusive-proximity promise: Gideon would not place another licensee within a ten-minute driving time of Chatelain’s location; Gideon later used Google Maps to measure that time.
- Gideon charged no upfront fee for the license; it offered a time-limited 10% online-store discount as an incentive to sign by a deadline; Gideon continued to sell materials to licensees.
- Chatelain sued for declaratory relief, breach of contract, injunctive relief, and attorney’s fees after Gideon opened other centers allegedly within ten minutes; Gideon moved for traditional and no-evidence summary judgment asserting the license was unilateral/illusory and lacked consideration.
- The trial court granted summary judgment for Gideon; the Court of Appeals affirmed in part (breach claim for lack of damages) and reversed/remanded as to declaratory, injunctive, and attorney’s fees claims.
Issues
| Issue | Plaintiff's Argument | Defendant's Argument | Held |
|---|---|---|---|
| Enforceability / consideration | License is a bargained-for exchange: right to use Gideon name/materials of value in return for compliance and agreed restrictions | Agreement is unilateral/illusory and lacked consideration because Chatelain paid nothing and could terminate at will | Fact issue exists; plaintiff produced more than a scintilla on existence and consideration — summary judgment rejected on enforceability |
| Illusory promises / at-will termination | Even if terminable at will, obligations (return of materials, stopping use of marks) and value of name/materials supply detriment — not illusory | Chatelain could walk away without penalty, so promises are illusory | Fact issue exists whether obligations were illusory; summary judgment improper on that ground |
| Breach of contract — damages element | Alleged actual damages from Gideon opening nearby centers; sought compensatory damages | No evidence of actual damages or proximate cause presented in response to no-evidence motion | Affirmed: no-evidence summary judgment proper as to breach claim for failure to raise evidence of damages |
| Declaratory judgment / injunctive relief | Declaratory and injunctive relief are forward-looking and appropriate to resolve rights under the license | If no enforceable contract, those remedies fail | Reversed as to declaratory and injunctive relief; fact issues preclude summary judgment and claims remanded |
Key Cases Cited
- Nixon v. Mr. Prop. Mgmt. Co., 690 S.W.2d 546 (Tex. 1985) (standards for reviewing traditional summary judgment)
- Triton Oil & Gas Corp. v. Marine Contractors & Supply, Inc., 644 S.W.2d 443 (Tex. 1982) (when a matter is conclusively established)
- Wornick Co. v. Casas, 856 S.W.2d 732 (Tex. 1993) (defendant may meet summary-judgment burden by disproving an essential element)
- King Ranch, Inc. v. Chapman, 118 S.W.3d 742 (Tex. 2003) (no-evidence summary-judgment legal-sufficiency standard)
- Sterner v. Marathon Oil Co., 767 S.W.2d 686 (Tex. 1989) (contract terminable at will remains valid until terminated)
- ULICO Cas. Co. v. Allied Pilots Ass’n, 262 S.W.3d 773 (Tex. 2008) (consideration as bargained-for exchange; benefits and detriments)
- Iacono v. Lyons, 16 S.W.3d 92 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2000) (mutuality of obligation requirement)
- Texas Gas Util. Co. v. Barrett, 460 S.W.2d 409 (Tex. 1970) (consideration/mutuality principles)
- Intercontinental Grp. P’ship v. KB Home Lone Star L.P., 295 S.W.3d 650 (Tex. 2009) (nature and purpose of declaratory judgments)
- Woodhaven Partners, Ltd. v. Shamoun & Norman, L.L.P., 422 S.W.3d 821 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2014) (elements of breach of contract claim)
