429 P.3d 732
Or. Ct. App.2018Background
- Defendant was involved in a single-vehicle crash, taken to a hospital, and three hours later a state trooper questioned her; a consensual blood draw showed BAC .12% and defendant was arrested for DUII, reckless driving, and driving while suspended.
- At trial the trooper initially testified defendant would not respond; on further inquiry the trooper related that defendant said she "didn't want to talk to [the trooper] without talking to her attorney."
- Defense immediately objected and moved for a mistrial; the court denied the motion and declined to give a curative instruction, noting concern that an instruction might make matters worse.
- The jury heard other testimony (including consent to blood draw) and convicted defendant on all counts.
- On appeal the only contested question was whether denial of the mistrial (and refusal to issue a curative instruction) was an abuse of discretion because the trooper's testimony invited an impermissible adverse inference from defendant's invocation of counsel, depriving her of a fair trial.
Issues
| Issue | Plaintiff's Argument | Defendant's Argument | Held |
|---|---|---|---|
| Whether admission of testimony that defendant said she would not talk without her attorney required mistrial | State: testimony was not prejudicial under circumstances; trial court well-positioned to judge impact; no harmless-error argument | Defendant: testimony improperly highlighted invocation of right to counsel, likely prompting jurors to infer guilt; mistrial or curative instruction required | Reversed: denial of mistrial was abuse of discretion; no curative instruction was given and jury likely drew impermissible adverse inference |
| Whether a curative instruction would have cured prejudice | State: trial court decided instruction might overemphasize and make matter worse | Defendant: court should have given or offered an appropriate curative instruction despite counsel declining to propose one | Court held that, in absence of any curative instruction, denial of mistrial was an abuse of discretion |
Key Cases Cited
- State v. Osorno, 264 Or. App. 742 (Or. Ct. App.) (adverse inference from defendant's post-accident statement that she "didn't want to say anything incriminating" warranted concern and curative measures)
- State v. Veatch, 223 Or. App. 444 (Or. Ct. App.) (request to consult attorney before breath test can prompt jury to infer guilt; curative instruction often inadequate)
- State v. Wright, 323 Or. 8 (Or. 1996) (trial court best positioned to assess prejudicial impact and appropriate remedy)
- State v. McClatchey, 259 Or. App. 531 (Or. Ct. App.) (prosecutor intent irrelevant; focus is effect on jury and likelihood of adverse inference)
- State v. Evans, 211 Or. App. 162 (Or. Ct. App.) (court must decide whether to grant mistrial or cure effect of improper testimony)
- State v. Schiller-Munneman, 359 Or. 808 (Or.) (left open whether a defendant's silence outside custody may be admitted substantively)
