968 N.W.2d 752
Wis. Ct. App.2021Background
- A 911 caller (Mickey) reported a large amount of blood in the garage of a Fox Lake residence and that his girlfriend S.D. was missing; he suspected the blood might be S.D.’s though he had not seen a body.
- Officers went to the home; the resident Marjorie Jones initially said Ware (her son) was not present. Mickey contradicted that, and later Ware unexpectedly appeared and said, “I am the one you are looking for.”
- Sergeant Nicholas looked through a screen/metal door, saw blood pooled under a pickup truck, then entered the garage without a warrant and discovered a deceased person in the passenger seat.
- Ware was arrested and charged with first-degree intentional homicide, hiding a corpse, incest, and felony firearm possession; he moved to suppress evidence from the warrantless garage search.
- The circuit court denied suppression relying on the community caretaker exception; after briefing, the U.S. Supreme Court decided Caniglia (community caretaker cannot justify residential searches) and the State argued the emergency-aid exception instead.
- The Court of Appeals affirmed the denial of suppression, holding the warrantless garage entry was justified under the emergency-aid exception.
Issues
| Issue | Plaintiff's Argument | Defendant's Argument | Held |
|---|---|---|---|
| Whether the warrantless search of the garage was lawful | Initially invoked community-caretaker; after Caniglia, argued emergency-aid justified entry because officers reasonably believed a person in the garage needed immediate medical aid | Search was unconstitutional: no indication of an ongoing medical emergency and community-caretaker cannot justify residential searches | Search justified under the emergency-aid exception: officers had an objectively reasonable basis to believe immediate aid might be needed and entry was necessary |
Key Cases Cited
- Caniglia v. Strom, 141 S. Ct. 1596 (community-caretaker exception does not permit warrantless searches of residences)
- Brigham City v. Stuart, 547 U.S. 398 (officers may enter without a warrant to render emergency assistance)
- Michigan v. Fisher, 558 U.S. 45 (emergency-aid inquiry is objective; officers need reasonable basis to believe someone needs immediate aid)
- State v. Boggess, 115 Wis. 2d 443 (Wisconsin two‑part emergency-aid test)
- State v. Rome, 239 Wis. 2d 491 (applying totality-of-circumstances two-part emergency-aid test)
- State v. Anderson, 389 Wis. 2d 106 (citizen informants are generally reliable)
- State v. Matalonis, 366 Wis. 2d 443 (significant blood can support reasonable belief victim needs assistance)
- State v. Kraimer, 99 Wis. 2d 306 (reports of death may be inaccurate; entry sometimes justified to determine if aid still could be rendered)
