249 P.3d 669
Wash. Ct. App.2011Background
- In April 2008, Larson was charged with first degree robbery, two counts of first degree assault, and two counts of drive-by shooting tied to the Berger-Jeffries robbery and related incidents.
- Dunham pleaded guilty and provided statements implicating Larson and others; Kongchunji also implicated multiple co-participants in other robberies.
- Before Berger-Jeffries trial, Kongchunji pleaded guilty and allegedly exculpated Larson; defense sought to compel Kongchunji to testify and hold him as a witness.
- Larson’s counsel learned Kongchunji had given police a ‘free talk’ naming Larson; Kongchunji’s counsel warned against testifying, and Larson’s counsel did not subpoena him.
- The State amended the offense date from April 15 to April 17, on the morning of trial; court sanctioned the State for delay and allowed extra prep time.
- After trial, Kongchunji sent a letter exculpating Statler, Gassman, and Larson; Kongchunji later testified in a separate trial implicating others and alleging threats.
Issues
| Issue | Plaintiff's Argument | Defendant's Argument | Held |
|---|---|---|---|
| New trial based on newly discovered evidence | Larson argues Kongchunji’s exculpatory material is newly discovered evidence. | State contends evidence was discoverable before trial and not newly discovered. | No abuse; evidence discovered pre-trial; other factors insufficient |
| Ineffective assistance for not subpoenaing Kongchunji | Counsel’s failure to subpoena was deficient and prejudicial. | Decision was tactical and reasonable given potential negative testimony. | Counsel’s conduct not deficient; no prejudice shown |
| State misconduct by threatening witness with charges/perjury | Threats deprived Larson of due process and fair defense. | Warnings were lawful cautionary statements about perjury. | No due process violation proved |
| SAG - Public defender structure and double jeopardy/other claims | Constitutional conflicts and double jeopardy challenges merit analysis. | Arguments fail; no constitutional defects or double jeopardy violations established. | SAG claims rejected; no reversible error found |
Key Cases Cited
- State v. Williams, 96 Wash.2d 215 (1981) (new trial standard and abuse of discretion framework)
- State v. Roche, 114 Wash.App. 424 (2002) (new trial and evidentiary standards)
- State v. Quismundo, 164 Wash.2d 499 (2008) (discretionary failure and legal standards for new-trial motions)
- State v. Burri, 87 Wash.2d 175 (1976) (due diligence in witness availability)
- State v. Slanaker, 58 Wash.App. 161 (1990) (witness unavailability notion clarified)
- State v. Scott, 150 Wash.App. 281 (2009) (recantation of witness evidence and trial timing)
- State v. Sherwood, 71 Wash.App. 481 (1993) (accomplice testimony cautionary instruction)
- State v. Yates, 161 Wash.2d 714 (2007) (jury instructions on accomplice testimony presumptions)
- State v. Vincent, 131 Wash.App. 147 (2005) (same-evidence test for double jeopardy)
- State v. Kelley, 168 Wash.2d 72 (2010) (double jeopardy in firearm-enhancement context)
- State v. Borrero, 161 Wash.2d 532 (2007) (same-evidence test application)
- State v. Grier, 171 Wash.2d 17 (2011) (defense-strategy reasonableness and prejudice standard)
- In re Pers. Restraint of Benn, 134 Wash.2d 868 (1998) (perjury and false-testimony considerations in due process)