442 P.3d 232
Or. Ct. App.2019Background
- Officers stopped a vehicle suspected in drug dealing; defendant was the front-seat passenger.
- A drug dog alerted; officers searched the vehicle and found 221.08 grams of methamphetamine in the rear compartment. Defendant was handcuffed, given Miranda warnings, and arrested.
- Sergeant Geist testified that he advised defendant of his rights; defendant "indicated he wanted to talk to [me], but did not want to waive his rights." Defense objected and moved for a mistrial.
- The trial court denied the mistrial, held a chambers conference, offered a curative instruction, and the court instructed the jury to disregard the last question and answer.
- The jury convicted defendant of possession and delivery of methamphetamine; defendant appealed arguing the testimony and the curative instruction were insufficient and prejudicial.
Issues
| Issue | Plaintiff's Argument | Defendant's Argument | Held |
|---|---|---|---|
| Whether defendant preserved error after requesting/accepting a curative instruction | State: defendant invited error by accepting instruction and not objecting to its sufficiency | Defendant: moving for mistrial before accepting curative instruction preserved the claim | Preserved — court follows Veatch: denial of mistrial preserved despite acceptance of curative instruction |
| Whether the sergeant's testimony that defendant "did not want to waive his rights" required a mistrial | State: testimony was isolated, ambiguous, and unlikely to create an adverse inference; curative instruction cured any harm | Defendant: statement suggested invocation of right against self-incrimination and invited an adverse inference of guilt; curative instruction was inadequate | Reversed — testimony likely produced an adverse inference and the brief, generic curative instruction was insufficient to "unring the bell." |
Key Cases Cited
- State v. Veatch, 223 Or. App. 444 (Or. App.) (curative-instruction rule; denial of mistrial preserved even if defendant accepted instruction)
- State v. Osorno, 264 Or. App. 742 (Or. App.) (officer's statement that defendant refused to avoid saying "anything incriminating" created an adverse inference; curative instruction inadequate)
- State v. White, 303 Or. 333 (Or.) (a bland instruction to forget an improper comment is insufficient to cure prejudice)
- State v. Larson, 325 Or. 15 (Or.) (isolated, indirect reference to defendant testifying was not likely to produce adverse inference given context)
- State v. Farrar, 309 Or. 132 (Or.) (peripheral reference to defendant's silence during credibility attack did not require mistrial)
- State v. Beisser, 258 Or. App. 326 (Or. App.) (isolated ambiguous comment about defendant "refusing to meet" police was not a comment on silence requiring mistrial)
- State v. Smallwood, 277 Or. 503 (Or.) (admission of testimony about invocation of rights is usually reversible error when prejudicial)
- Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436 (U.S.) (custodial-warning doctrine establishing right against self-incrimination)
- Griffin v. California, 380 U.S. 609 (U.S.) (prohibition on prosecutorial comment on defendant's silence under the Fifth Amendment)
