State v. Divine
246 P.3d 692
| Kan. | 2011Background
- Divine pled guilty in 2003 to lewd and lascivious behavior and was convicted and placed on probation with a 10-year sex offender registration obligation under KORA.
- The registration requirement continued as a condition of probation, and Divine completed probation in 2005 but remained registered.
- Approximately three years later Divine filed a petition for expungement of the underlying conviction; the expungement order was entered November 26, 2008 via journal entry approved by prosecutors and defense counsel.
- Divine later moved to lift the registration requirement, contending the expungement erased the conviction that triggered KORA registration.
- The State argued the district court lacked jurisdiction to grant relief because the registration obligation is statutory, not a probation condition, and the expungement did not automatically end registration under KORA.
- The district court granted relief only to the extent of requiring continued registration until July 8, 2013, prompting Divine to appeal.
Issues
| Issue | Plaintiff's Argument | Defendant's Argument | Held |
|---|---|---|---|
| Does expungement terminate KORA registration as a matter of law? | Divine: expungement treats him as not having been convicted, so no KORA offender status remains. | State: district court cannot end registration; KORA remains in effect and expungement does not automatically end it. | Yes; expungement terminates the KORA registration requirement as a matter of law. |
| Does expungement provide an exception to disclose through KORA if not explicitly listed? | Divine argues no explicit exception exists for disclosure via registration after expungement. | State argues expungement exceptions are limited and no such exception exists here. | Expungement does not require ongoing disclosure through KORA; no exception found. |
| Was the district court's relief under 22-4908 proper given expungement? | Divine seeks termination of registration; expungement suffices to end it. | State contends the court had no authority to modify registration under 22-4908 once triggered. | Relief depended on expungement's effect; the court should terminate registration as a matter of law. |
| Can an expungement proceeding be used collaterally to challenge KORA registration? | Expungement should affect registration status without additional procedural hurdles. | State cannot rely on expungement-order defects to resist termination of registration. | State's procedural challenges to expungement were not controlling; expungement terminated registration. |
Key Cases Cited
- State v. Trautloff, 289 Kan. 793 (2009) (read plain statute; appellate will not infer exceptions not readily found)
- State v. Riedel, 242 Kan. 834 (1988) (expunged conviction may be disclosed only for specific exceptions)
- State v. Anderson, 40 Kan. App. 2d 69 (2008) (ignorance of the law does not excuse an error)
- State v. Arnett, 290 Kan. 41 (2010) (statutory interpretation is question of law; unlimited review)
- Unruh v. Purina Mills, 289 Kan. 1185 (2009) (core appellate review of statutory interpretation)
