State v. Daniel J. Rejholec
963 N.W.2d 121
| Wis. Ct. App. | 2021Background
- Defendant Daniel J. Rejholec was Mirandized, waived, and subjected to a 1 hour 36 minute custodial interrogation by Detective Eric Edson regarding sexual assaults on a 14‑year‑old.
- During the interview Edson repeatedly lied (e.g., claimed DNA/swabs existed) and used Reid‑style tactics (victim‑blaming, empathy, fabricated evidence).
- At 1:07 into the interview Edson told Rejholec that if he got a lawyer or invoked silence he "won’t get a chance to tell [his] story" and the jury would never hear his side; shortly after Rejholec made incriminating statements.
- The circuit court found Rejholec’s statements voluntary (Goodchild) but did not rule on whether his Miranda waiver remained valid after the detective’s statements; Rejholec pled no contest and appealed the suppression denial.
- The court of appeals concluded the post‑1:07 statements must be suppressed because the detective’s “now‑or‑never” misrepresentations about the right to silence, counsel, and to testify invalidated Rejholec’s Miranda waiver, although the statements were otherwise voluntary.
- Result: judgment of conviction reversed and remanded with directions to suppress statements made after the 1:07 mark; circuit court may consider plea withdrawal.
Issues
| Issue | Plaintiff's Argument | Defendant's Argument | Held |
|---|---|---|---|
| Voluntariness of confession (Goodchild) | Edson’s deceptive Reid‑style tactics did not overbear Rejholec’s will; statements voluntary. | Lies and pressure rendered confession involuntary. | Statements were voluntary under the totality of circumstances; deceit alone did not overcome Rejholec’s ability to resist. |
| Validity of Miranda waiver after "now‑or‑never" statements | Miranda warnings were given and initially waived; waiver remained valid. | Edson’s repeated misrepresentations that invoking rights would prevent Rejholec from testifying or telling his story invalidated the waiver. | Waiver became invalid at 1:07 when detective misled Rejholec about his rights; post‑1:07 statements suppressed. |
| Remedy / effect on conviction | The conviction should stand or any error is harmless; plea withdrawal is discretionary. | Suppress tainted statements and permit plea withdrawal or other relief. | Judgment reversed; remanded to suppress post‑1:07 statements; circuit court may entertain plea‑withdrawal motion. |
Key Cases Cited
- Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436 (Miranda warnings protect the Fifth Amendment right against self‑incrimination)
- Moran v. Burbine, 475 U.S. 412 (waiver must be voluntary, knowing, and intelligent; two‑part analysis)
- Frazier v. Cupp, 394 U.S. 731 (police lies are a factor but do not automatically render a confession involuntary)
- Dickerson v. United States, 530 U.S. 428 (confessions must be voluntary under the Constitution)
- Doyle v. Ohio, 426 U.S. 610 (silence cannot be used to penalize a defendant after Miranda warnings)
- State v. Hoppe, 261 Wis. 2d 294 (totality‑of‑circumstances voluntariness test balancing personal characteristics and police pressures)
- State v. Triggs, 264 Wis. 2d 861 (Reid‑style deception discussed; false evidence lies assessed in voluntariness analysis)
- State v. Santiago, 206 Wis. 2d 3 (state must prove both adequate Miranda warning/waiver and voluntariness)
- State v. Ward, 318 Wis. 2d 301 (waiver and voluntariness are distinct but related inquiries)
- Commonwealth v. Novo, 812 N.E.2d 1169 (Mass. case suppressing statements after similar "now‑or‑never" misrepresentations)
