460 P.3d 1091
Wash. Ct. App.2020Background
- Undercover officers posted a Craigslist ad posing as a 13‑year‑old girl (“Brandi”); Christopher Johnson replied and engaged in explicit sexual conversation and offered to pay.
- Johnson arranged a meeting, went to a minimart, then drove toward the purported house; he was arrested en route with $40.
- He was convicted by a jury of attempted second‑degree rape of a child, attempted commercial sexual abuse of a minor, and communication with a minor for immoral purposes.
- The trial court declined to give Johnson’s requested entrapment instruction; Johnson testified he thought the ad was an age‑role‑play and that he was ‘‘playing detective.’’
- At sentencing counsel did not argue that the three convictions constituted the same criminal conduct, and the court imposed a community custody condition: do not access the World Wide Web unless authorized by the CCO through approved filters.
- On appeal the court of appeals affirmed: no error in refusing the entrapment instruction, no ineffective assistance based on the same‑conduct omission, and the internet restriction was constitutional and not unconstitutionally vague.
Issues
| Issue | State's Argument | Johnson's Argument | Held |
|---|---|---|---|
| Whether the trial court erred by refusing an entrapment jury instruction | No; record shows law enforcement only provided an opportunity, not inducement, and Johnson initiated and advanced the sexualized contact | Entrapment instruction required because government created the encounter and State did not disprove predisposition | Affirmed — no instruction; Johnson failed to meet burden to show inducement and lack of predisposition |
| Whether counsel was ineffective for not arguing the three convictions were the same criminal conduct at sentencing | Argument would have failed because each offense requires a different objective intent | The convictions arose from a single intent: to have sex with the person who posted the ad | Affirmed — no prejudice; offenses require distinct intents (intercourse, exchange for value, predatory sexual communication) |
| Whether the internet‑access community custody condition is unconstitutional (overbroad or vague) | Condition is tailored and reasonably necessary because the crimes were committed via the internet; CCO authorization with filters is a sufficiently ascertainable standard | Condition vests unbridled discretion in the CCO and chills protected First Amendment activity | Affirmed — condition is reasonably necessary, sensitively imposed, and not unconstitutionally vague |
Key Cases Cited
- State v. O’Dell, 183 Wn.2d 680 (2015) (standard for giving instructions on party’s theory of the case)
- State v. Lively, 130 Wn.2d 1 (1996) (elements of entrapment affirmative defense)
- State v. Fisher, 185 Wn.2d 836 (2016) (defendant may not rely on State’s lack of evidence to meet burden for affirmative defenses)
- State v. Condon, 182 Wn.2d 307 (2015) (abuse of discretion standard for instruction rulings)
- State v. Harvill, 169 Wn.2d 254 (2010) (when evidence supports an affirmative defense, refusal to instruct may require reversal)
- State v. Chenoweth, 185 Wn.2d 218 (2016) (same criminal conduct: separate statutory intents control analysis)
- State v. Aldana‑Graciano, 176 Wn.2d 531 (2013) (narrow application of same criminal conduct doctrine)
- Packingham v. North Carolina, 137 S. Ct. 1730 (2017) (blanket online‑access bans can be overbroad under the First Amendment)
- United States v. Holena, 906 F.3d 288 (3d Cir. 2018) (probation internet restrictions and need for tailoring and clarity)
- State v. Padilla, 190 Wn.2d 672 (2018) (vagueness test for community custody conditions)
