Samuel G. Dykstra and Michelle L. Bahus v. The City of Hammond
2013 Ind. App. LEXIS 729
| Ind. Ct. App. | 2013Background
- Hammond had four preexisting ordinances regulating firearms and related items (Ordinances 92.03, 93.020, 99.28, 132.073) in effect before July 1, 2011.
- Indiana Code section 35-47-11.1-2 went into effect July 1, 2011, prohibiting local regulation of firearms and related activities.
- On August 22, 2011 the Hammond Common Council considered amending 132.073 to comply, but the mayor opposed, and the amendment was defeated.
- On August 29, 2011, Dykstra and Bahus (Firearm Owners) filed a proposed class action against Hammond; on September 7, 2011 the mayor directed not to enforce 132.073; on September 21 the mayor ordered non-enforcement of any violation, but ordinances were not repealed.
- The City did not repeal the ordinances; the trial court granted the City summary judgment; Firearm Owners appealed.
- Issue presented: whether the Firearm Owners were adversely affected by Hammond’s ordinances in light of the new state law and whether Indiana Code 35-47-11.1-5 provides a viable remedy.
Issues
| Issue | Plaintiff's Argument | Defendant's Argument | Held |
|---|---|---|---|
| Whether Firearm Owners were adversely affected by the ordinances. | Firearm Owners were adversely affected by still-existing ordinances. | Ordinances were void or superseded by state statute; no adverse effect. | No; ordinances were void or not enforceable, so no adverse effect. |
Key Cases Cited
- Naugle v. Beech Grove City Sch., 864 N.E.2d 1058 (Ind. Ct. App. 2007) (summary judgment standard; view facts in light favorable to nonmovant)
- City of Carmel v. Steele, 865 N.E.2d 612 (Ind. Ct. App. 2007) (statutory interpretation; plain language rules)
- Dreaded, Inc. v. St. Paul Guardian Ins. Co., 904 N.E.2d 1267 (Ind. 2009) (summary judgment standard; deference to evidence)
- In re Guardianship of E.N., 877 N.E.2d 795 (Ind. 2007) (statutory interpretation; de novo review)
- Judd v. Ind. State Bd. of Dental Exam’rs, 554 N.E.2d 829 (Ind. Ct. App. 1990) (statutory retroactivity presumed absent explicit retroactive intent)
