496 P.3d 44
Utah2021Background
- Melvin and Janette McQuarrie divorced in 2008 by a stipulated decree that required Melvin to pay alimony in two phases (a lower amount during child-support period, a higher amount thereafter), terminating upon death of either party or after 372 months, but said nothing in the alimony paragraphs about termination on remarriage.
- Other parts of the decree expressly referenced remarriage (e.g., annuity beneficiary restrictions if Janette remarried; certain expense and car obligations that cease upon her remarriage; a triennial meeting provision prohibiting attendance by “spouses”).
- Janette remarried in 2014. Melvin then moved to terminate alimony under Utah Code § 30-3-5(9), which presumptively ends alimony on the recipient’s remarriage unless the decree “specifically provides otherwise.”
- The district court denied Melvin’s motion, finding the decree read as a whole showed the parties intended alimony to continue after remarriage. The court of appeals affirmed, reasoning the decree as a whole "specifically provides" continuation.
- The Utah Supreme Court granted certiorari, held that the statutory presumption is rebutted only by a specific provision that directly states alimony continues despite remarriage (not by inferences from the decree as a whole), reversed the court of appeals, and remanded; it declined to order disgorgement of post-remarriage payments without further district-court proceedings.
Issues
| Issue | Plaintiff's Argument (Melvin) | Defendant's Argument (Janette) | Held |
|---|---|---|---|
| Whether the divorce decree "specifically provides otherwise" so alimony survives the recipient’s remarriage | Decree does not contain an explicit proviso preserving alimony after remarriage; §30-3-5(9) therefore terminates alimony on Janette’s remarriage | Decree read as a whole shows parties contemplated continuation of alimony after remarriage (annuity language, expense provisions, triennial meeting, limited termination clauses) | Court holds statute requires a specific, direct provision addressing alimony that expressly states it will continue despite remarriage; inferences from other provisions are insufficient—alimony terminated by operation of law |
| Whether the court should order disgorgement of alimony paid after remarriage | Melvin asks for disgorgement of post-remarriage payments | Janette opposes disgorgement | Court declines to decide disgorgement on certiorari (no lower-court analysis); remands to district court to consider further proceedings and any disgorgement request |
Key Cases Cited
- Lord v. Shaw, 682 P.2d 853 (Utah 1984) (held that decree must "specifically provide" to overcome statutory presumption that alimony terminates on remarriage)
- Thayer v. Thayer, 378 P.3d 1232 (Utah Ct. App. 2016) (stipulated divorce decrees are interpreted under contract principles; consider provisions in relation to each other)
- Higley v. McDonald, 685 P.2d 496 (Utah 1984) (parties bound by terms of stipulated agreement)
- Graves v. N. E. Servs., Inc., 345 P.3d 619 (Utah 2015) (legislative history is not law; statutory text controls)
- In re Adoption of B.Y., 356 P.3d 1215 (Utah 2015) (public is charged with knowledge of the law; ignorance is no excuse)
- State v. Lujan, 459 P.3d 992 (Utah 2020) (standard of review: de novo for court of appeals decisions reviewed by the Supreme Court)
