886 N.W.2d 601
Iowa2016Background
- Cletus Roth was admitted to a nursing facility; his son Michael (with power of attorney) signed an admission agreement containing a pre-dispute arbitration clause selecting the Federal Arbitration Act.
- Cletus died; his children (Mary, Michael, Anna, Bradley) and Mary/Michael as coexecutors sued the nursing home for wrongful death, negligence, breach, dependent adult abuse, loss of parental consortium (for the four children), and punitive damages.
- The federal district court compelled arbitration of the estate’s claims but certified two questions to the Iowa Supreme Court about whether adult children’s loss-of-parental-consortium claims must also be arbitrated under Iowa Code § 613.15.
- Under Iowa law, loss-of-parental-consortium claims belong to the child but are ordinarily brought by the decedent’s personal representative under Iowa Code § 613.15 and apportioned under § 633.336; an exception (Nelson) allows a child to sue independently if it is impossible, impracticable, or not in the child’s best interest for the parent/estate to maintain the claim.
- The Iowa Supreme Court rejected the argument that § 613.15 creates a nonwaivable jury right that precludes arbitration and recognized FAA preemption problems if the statute were read to forbid arbitration categorically.
Issues
| Issue | Plaintiff's Argument (Roth) | Defendant's Argument (Good Samaritan) | Held |
|---|---|---|---|
| Whether § 613.15 requires arbitration of adult children’s loss-of-parental-consortium claims when the estate’s claims are arbitrable | § 613.15’s language ("in such sum as the jury deems proper") requires a jury forum and thus precludes arbitration of consortium claims | The statute’s reference to "any action for damages" and to a "jury" does not bar arbitration; arbitration is another permissible forum and a jury reference is shorthand for a factfinder | No — adult children’s consortium claims are not automatically subject to arbitration simply because the estate’s claims are arbitrable |
| Whether the estate’s arbitrability establishes that it is impossible, impracticable, or not in the children’s best interest for the estate to maintain consortium claims (Nelson exception) | The estate’s arbitration requirement effectively prevents effective vindication of children’s rights, so the Nelson exception should apply | Arbitration of the estate’s claims does not by itself establish the Nelson exception; children retain independent ownership of consortium claims | Not answered (moot) because court decided the first question in favor of children |
Key Cases Cited
- Egan v. Naylor, 208 N.W.2d 915 (Iowa 1973) (survival statute and wrongful-death recovery principles)
- Audubon-Exira Ready Mix, Inc. v. Ill. Cent. Gulf R.R., 335 N.W.2d 148 (Iowa 1983) (administrator brings child’s consortium claim under § 613.15)
- Nelson v. Ludovissy, 368 N.W.2d 141 (Iowa 1985) (exception permitting child to sue independently where it is impossible, impracticable, or not in child’s best interest for parent/estate to maintain claim)
- Christy v. Miulli, 692 N.W.2d 694 (Iowa 2005) (loss-of-parental-consortium claim belongs to the child; statute of limitations applicable to minors applies)
- Beeck v. S.R. Smith Co., 359 N.W.2d 482 (Iowa 1984) (purpose of routing child’s claim through administrator to avoid multiplicity of suits)
- Marmet Health Care Ctr. v. Brown, 132 S. Ct. 1201 (U.S. 2012) (FAA preempts state categorical bans on arbitration of personal-injury/wrongful-death claims against nursing homes)
- AT&T Mobility LLC v. Concepcion, 563 U.S. 333 (U.S. 2011) (FAA preempts state rules that bar arbitration of particular claims)
- Preston v. Ferrer, 552 U.S. 346 (U.S. 2008) (FAA supersedes state laws lodging primary jurisdiction elsewhere)
