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327 P.3d 732
Wyo.
2014
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Background

  • Jackson Hole Hereford Ranch divided in 1992 among siblings’ descendants with a road/utility easement intended to access Parcel 19.
  • Parcel 19 remained with the Trust; Parcels 20, 24, and 27 went to LLCs; Parcel 25 stayed with the Trust; Parcel 27 to Roliz.
  • 1998 conveyance from the Trust to Elizabeth Lockhart conveyed Parcel 19 with language mirroring the 1992 easement language.
  • Lockharts used the road to Parcel 19 from Shootin’ Iron County Road 22-20 without interference for years.
  • Dispute arose after arbitration split the Ranch; Gills challenged the easement as non-existent or improperly described.
  • District court held the easement either non-existent or improperly described under § 34-1-141; appellate reversal follows.

Issues

Issue Plaintiff's Argument Defendant's Argument Held
Did the grantor reserve part of the disputed easement in 1992? Lockharts: 1992 deeds reserved an easement benefiting Parcel 19. Gills: no valid reservation due to vague language and lack of explicit reservation. Yes, reserved easement found
Is the 1992/1998 easement description specific enough under § 34-1-141? Lockharts: description locates the easement on an existing road; sufficiently specific. Gills: language insufficient to describe location; void unless recorded within one year. Sufficient specificity; meets statute
Is the easement appurtenant or in gross? Lockharts: easement appurtenant to Parcel 19, benefiting its use and transferability. Gills: not argued; non-appurtenant could have different implications. Appurtenant
Did the 1998 conveyance to Lockhart convey an easement across Parcel 25? Lockharts: 1998 language with 'together with' conveys the easement across Parcel 25. Gills: identical language should not alter the reservation analysis; parcel split may disrupt access. Yes, conveyed across Parcel 25

Key Cases Cited

  • Wallis v. Luman, 625 P.2d 759 (Wyoming 1981) (no special wording required to reserve an easement; intent controls)
  • Hasvold v. Park Cnty. Sch. Dist. No. 6, 45 P.3d 635 (Wyoming 2002) (defines appurtenant vs in gross and uses Restatement guidance)
  • Pokorny v. Salas, 81 P.3d 171 (Wyoming 2003) (found easement appurtenant due to surrounding circumstances)
  • Markstein v. Countryside I, LLC, 77 P.3d 389 (Wyoming 2003) (descriptions may be sufficiently definite depending on encumbrance type)
  • Horse Creek Conservation Dist. v. State ex rel. Wyo. Attorney General, 221 P.3d 306 (Wyoming 2009) (nature of encumbrance determines description sufficiency; adjacent example)
  • Lozier v. Blattland Invs., LLC, 100 P.3d 380 (Wyoming 2004) (dominant tenement identification not always required if location is identifiable)
  • Ecosystem Res., L.C. v. Broadbent Land & Res., L.L.C., 158 P.3d 685 (Wyoming 2007) (consider surrounding circumstances to interpret deeds even if unambiguous)
  • Hansuld v. Lariat Diesel Corp., 81 P.3d 215 (Wyoming 2003) (implied easement doctrine separate from express terms)
  • Balch v. Arnold, 59 P.434 (Wyoming 1899) (intention of parties examined by all provisions and circumstances)
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Case Details

Case Name: Leeks Canyon Ranch, LLC, a Wyoming limited liability company Leeks Canyon, LLC, a Wyoming limited liability company Elizabeth Lockhart and Kelly Lockhart, wife and husband v. Callahan River Ranch, LLC, a Wyoming limited liability company and Porter River Ranch, LLC, a Wyoming limited liability company
Court Name: Wyoming Supreme Court
Date Published: May 14, 2014
Citations: 327 P.3d 732; 2014 WY 62; S-13-0173
Docket Number: S-13-0173
Court Abbreviation: Wyo.
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    Leeks Canyon Ranch, LLC, a Wyoming limited liability company Leeks Canyon, LLC, a Wyoming limited liability company Elizabeth Lockhart and Kelly Lockhart, wife and husband v. Callahan River Ranch, LLC, a Wyoming limited liability company and Porter River Ranch, LLC, a Wyoming limited liability company, 327 P.3d 732