327 P.3d 732
Wyo.2014Background
- Jackson Hole Hereford Ranch divided in 1992 among siblings’ descendants with a road/utility easement intended to access Parcel 19.
- Parcel 19 remained with the Trust; Parcels 20, 24, and 27 went to LLCs; Parcel 25 stayed with the Trust; Parcel 27 to Roliz.
- 1998 conveyance from the Trust to Elizabeth Lockhart conveyed Parcel 19 with language mirroring the 1992 easement language.
- Lockharts used the road to Parcel 19 from Shootin’ Iron County Road 22-20 without interference for years.
- Dispute arose after arbitration split the Ranch; Gills challenged the easement as non-existent or improperly described.
- District court held the easement either non-existent or improperly described under § 34-1-141; appellate reversal follows.
Issues
| Issue | Plaintiff's Argument | Defendant's Argument | Held |
|---|---|---|---|
| Did the grantor reserve part of the disputed easement in 1992? | Lockharts: 1992 deeds reserved an easement benefiting Parcel 19. | Gills: no valid reservation due to vague language and lack of explicit reservation. | Yes, reserved easement found |
| Is the 1992/1998 easement description specific enough under § 34-1-141? | Lockharts: description locates the easement on an existing road; sufficiently specific. | Gills: language insufficient to describe location; void unless recorded within one year. | Sufficient specificity; meets statute |
| Is the easement appurtenant or in gross? | Lockharts: easement appurtenant to Parcel 19, benefiting its use and transferability. | Gills: not argued; non-appurtenant could have different implications. | Appurtenant |
| Did the 1998 conveyance to Lockhart convey an easement across Parcel 25? | Lockharts: 1998 language with 'together with' conveys the easement across Parcel 25. | Gills: identical language should not alter the reservation analysis; parcel split may disrupt access. | Yes, conveyed across Parcel 25 |
Key Cases Cited
- Wallis v. Luman, 625 P.2d 759 (Wyoming 1981) (no special wording required to reserve an easement; intent controls)
- Hasvold v. Park Cnty. Sch. Dist. No. 6, 45 P.3d 635 (Wyoming 2002) (defines appurtenant vs in gross and uses Restatement guidance)
- Pokorny v. Salas, 81 P.3d 171 (Wyoming 2003) (found easement appurtenant due to surrounding circumstances)
- Markstein v. Countryside I, LLC, 77 P.3d 389 (Wyoming 2003) (descriptions may be sufficiently definite depending on encumbrance type)
- Horse Creek Conservation Dist. v. State ex rel. Wyo. Attorney General, 221 P.3d 306 (Wyoming 2009) (nature of encumbrance determines description sufficiency; adjacent example)
- Lozier v. Blattland Invs., LLC, 100 P.3d 380 (Wyoming 2004) (dominant tenement identification not always required if location is identifiable)
- Ecosystem Res., L.C. v. Broadbent Land & Res., L.L.C., 158 P.3d 685 (Wyoming 2007) (consider surrounding circumstances to interpret deeds even if unambiguous)
- Hansuld v. Lariat Diesel Corp., 81 P.3d 215 (Wyoming 2003) (implied easement doctrine separate from express terms)
- Balch v. Arnold, 59 P.434 (Wyoming 1899) (intention of parties examined by all provisions and circumstances)
