334 Conn. 374
Conn.2020Background
- Stoneridge Associates obtained a $1,650,000 construction loan from Sovereign Bank; several parties (including Jennifer Tine) executed guarantees and, to secure her limited guarantee, Tine and her then-husband granted a mortgage on their Cromwell residence.
- The Stoneridge note was modified over time; Tine executed reaffirmations and a limited (nonrecourse as to her) guaranty securing the modified note.
- Sovereign assigned the Stoneridge note and the Tine mortgage to Jenzack; an allonge endorsed the note to Jenzack but did not expressly mention assignment of Tine’s guaranty.
- After Stoneridge defaulted, Jenzack sued to foreclose the Tine mortgage and to collect on the guaranty; at trial Jenzack introduced exhibit 22, its computation of the amount owed, which incorporated an initial starting balance supplied by Sovereign when the note was sold.
- The trial court entered strict foreclosure for Jenzack; the Appellate Court affirmed standing but reversed as to admissibility of the initial entry in exhibit 22 under Conn. Gen. Stat. §52-180 (business records exception), remanding for a new trial.
- The Connecticut Supreme Court granted certification on two issues: (1) whether assignment of the note gave Jenzack standing to enforce Tine’s guaranty/mortgage; and (2) whether the initial entry provided by Sovereign and incorporated into Jenzack’s records was admissible under the business-records exception.
Issues
| Issue | Plaintiff's Argument | Defendant's Argument | Held |
|---|---|---|---|
| Whether assignee of note has standing to enforce guaranty/mortgage when guaranty not expressly assigned | Assignment of the note transferred rights to collect on guarantees; guaranty language shows it "inures to successors and assigns" so Jenzack is a holder entitled to enforce | Allonge did not explicitly assign the guaranty; without express assignment, assignee lacks standing to enforce guaranty/mortgage | Held for plaintiff: guaranty expressly inured to future holders; assignment of the note operated as assignment of the guaranty, giving Jenzack standing |
| Whether initial entry (starting balance) provided by seller (Sovereign) and integrated into buyer's records is admissible under §52-180 | Exhibit 22 is Jenzack’s business record; Sovereign had a business duty to report the balance in the sale transaction, and Jenzack incorporated that figure into its own records—thus admissible | The starting figure is hearsay because it was received (not made) by Jenzack and lacks foundation/testimony proving accuracy | Held for plaintiff: admissible. When a business incorporates third‑party data provided pursuant to a business duty into its own records, those integrated records may be admitted; challenges go to weight, not admissibility |
Key Cases Cited
- Citibank, N.A. v. Lindland, 310 Conn. 147 (Conn.) (standing is right to invoke court jurisdiction)
- Pond View, LLC v. Planning & Zoning Commission, 288 Conn. 143 (Conn.) (standard of plenary review for legal questions)
- New England Savings Bank v. Bedford Realty Corp., 246 Conn. 594 (Conn.) (Bedford II) (§52-180 construed liberally; business records need not be prepared by offering organization)
- New England Savings Bank v. Bedford Realty Corp., 238 Conn. 745 (Conn.) (Bedford I) (limits on witness testimony to prove amount owed absent foundation)
- River Dock & Pile, Inc. v. O & G Industries, Inc., 219 Conn. 787 (Conn.) (third‑party information can be part of entrant’s business record when provider had duty to transmit it)
- U.S. Bank Trust, N.A. v. Jones, 925 F.3d 534 (1st Cir.) (integrated loan‑servicer records admissible where predecessor servicers had business duty to report; challenges affect weight)
