In the Matter of Tammy Rokowski and Shane Rokowski
121 A.3d 284
N.H.2015Background
- Married in 1990; petitioner Tammy Rokowski and respondent Shane Rokowski have two adult sons.
- The couple’s significant assets include a marital home in Connecticut and the respondent’s businesses; the home was owned via grandparents’ life estate at marriage.
- The parties moved to New Hampshire in 2006 to establish a fireworks business; the respondent remained in Connecticut initially.
- Tammy filed for divorce and a domestic violence order in 2011; the order was temporary and dismissed with the final decree.
- A two-day final hearing occurred in 2013, resulting in a divorce based on irreconcilable differences; the court issued a 2014 decree with property, alimony, and expense provisions.
- The trial court valued the marital home at $150,000, awarded it to the respondent, and ordered Tammy to receive $75,000 secured by a mortgage; the respondent’s businesses were awarded to him; Tammy’s alimony was set at $750 per month.
Issues
| Issue | Plaintiff's Argument | Defendant's Argument | Held |
|---|---|---|---|
| Whether the trial court erred by using internet data to value the home | Rokowski contends Zillow data is inadmissible outside-record information. | Rokowski argues court’s internet data was appropriate for valuation given lack of formal appraisals. | Court erred; vacate property distribution and remand. |
| Whether the property distribution and alimony were properly determined | Rokowski maintains the erroneous valuation affected asset division and alimony. | Rokowski contends distribution and alimony were based on the record before the court. | Because distribution vacated, alimony order also vacated; remand for correct valuation. |
| Whether the trial court properly allocated expenses incurred during the divorce | Tammy asserts trial court miscalculated or improperly assigned expenses. | Shane asserts the trial record supports the allocations. | We affirm the challenged expense allocations due to lack of complete record on appeal. |
| Whether constitutional arguments were preserved for review | Court declined to address constitutional claims; deemed waived for lack of preservation. |
Key Cases Cited
- Spenard & Spenard, 167 N.H. 1 (2014) (trial court permissibly exercises discretion; standard of review)
- Morse v. Allen, 45 N.H. 571 (1864) (trial court may not rely on outside evidence beyond the record)
- In re Schrag, 464 B.R. 909 (Bankr. D. Or. 2011) (court may not rely on unverified internet sources; limits on judicial notice)
- Klemow v. Time Incorporated, 352 A.2d 12 (Pa. 1975) (court may not introduce its own evidence; evidentiary limits)
- Rutanhira v. Rutanhira, 35 A.3d 143 (Vt. 2011) (reversible error when relying on post-evidence internet data not meeting notice standards)
- Tribbitt v. Tribbitt, 963 A.2d 1128 (Del. 2008) (trial court’s outside-of-record job search unsupported by record)
- State v. Ploof, 162 N.H. 609 (2011) (necessity of trustworthy evidence; evidentiary standards)
- In re Estate of King, 149 N.H. 226 (2003) (preservation and waiver principles on appeal)
