In the Interest of: S.Q., a minor
In the Interest of: S.Q., a minor No. 349 EDA 2016
| Pa. Super. Ct. | Mar 15, 2017Background
- Police responded to a shooting; two victims were found on a basketball court and officers learned (from an uncorroborated tip) the shooter possibly entered 3239 N. 26th Street.
- Officers surveilled the house ~30–35 minutes, observed a man they had seen near the scene enter the home, then saw two men exit to the rear alley and flee back into the house when they spotted uniformed officers.
- Officer Berg entered the rear door after the two men re‑entered, followed quickly by uniformed officers; they detained four men, conducted a protective sweep, and found co‑defendant Carter upstairs.
- During the sweep an officer saw the partial barrel of a handgun in a closet, then later a warrant was obtained and executed; a Ruger .380 was recovered from that closet.
- Defendant (a resident/minor) made inculpatory statements after being interviewed; charges included possession of firearm by a minor, conspiracy, and tampering with evidence.
- The suppression court suppressed the gun and statements for this defendant, finding no probable cause or exigent circumstances for the warrantless entry; the Commonwealth appealed.
Issues
| Issue | Plaintiff's Argument | Defendant's Argument | Held |
|---|---|---|---|
| Whether police lawfully entered 3239 N. 26th Street without a warrant | Warrantless entry was justified by exigent circumstances: recent shooting, suspects potentially armed, flight into house, and need to prevent destruction of evidence | Entry lacked probable cause and exigency; officers had only an uncorroborated tip and equivocal observations, so entry/search/arrest were unlawful | Suppression affirmed: no probable cause shown for entry; court did not reach exigency because lack of probable cause dispositive |
Key Cases Cited
- Commonwealth v. Walls, 53 A.3d 889 (Pa. Super. 2012) (standard for reviewing suppression decisions)
- Commonwealth v. Peterson, 17 A.3d 935 (Pa. Super. 2011) (deference to suppression court findings of fact)
- In the Interest of L.J., 79 A.3d 1073 (Pa. 2013) (scope of appellate review limited to suppression hearing record)
- Commonwealth v. Rushing, 71 A.3d 939 (Pa. Super. 2013) (warrantless searches of residences require probable cause plus exigent circumstances)
- Commonwealth v. Wright, 961 A.2d 119 (Pa. 2008) (same principle on warrantless residential entries)
- Commonwealth v. Griffin, 24 A.3d 1037 (Pa. Super. 2011) (probable cause defined; exigent‑circumstances balancing)
- Commonwealth v. Santiago, 736 A.2d 624 (Pa. Super. 1999) (warrantless home entry requires consent or exigency even with probable cause)
- Commonwealth v. Stewart, 740 A.2d 712 (Pa. Super. 1999) (exigency defined: risk to persons or destruction of evidence)
- Commonwealth v. Roland, 637 A.2d 269 (Pa. 1994) (factors for assessing exigent circumstances)
- Commonwealth v. Pegram, 301 A.2d 695 (Pa. 1973) (flight alone does not establish probable cause)
