321 A.3d 1047
Pa. Super. Ct.2024Background
- Alicia M. Hall (Mother) appealed a child support order concerning support owed by Stark Bartron III (Father) for their 11-year-old child.
- Father is majority owner (75%) and salaried employee of a closely-held corporation, Bartron Supply, Inc., which does not distribute profits to shareholders and pays for some personal expenses (perquisites) for Father (vehicle, cell, insurance).
- Mother is unemployed due to injury, received a lump-sum settlement, and collects survivor benefits; she sought an upward modification of support after three years, citing increased income to Father from the corporation and other sources.
- The domestic relations officer recommended higher support based on imputed corporate income to Father, excluding depreciation, but the trial court maintained the existing obligation after a de novo hearing.
- On appeal, Mother challenged the trial court’s calculations regarding both parties’ incomes, particularly focusing on corporate profits, depreciation, rental income, and perquisites.
- The Superior Court reviewed whether the trial court abused its discretion and properly applied legal standards to determine income for support.
Issues
| Issue | Plaintiff's Argument | Defendant's Argument | Held |
|---|---|---|---|
| Should corporate profits be imputed as Father's income? | Father is sheltering income by corporate retention, not genuine business need. | Profits are retained out of business necessity per contract obligations and expert testimony. | No abuse of discretion — profits retention was justified. |
| Should depreciation deductions be excluded from income? | Depreciation deductions are reducing net income improperly — not all are necessary. | Deductions track historical business needs, vital to ongoing operations. | No abuse of discretion — deductions found reasonable. |
| Should rental income from business-owned properties count as Father's income? | Rental payments increase Father’s equity and benefit him financially. | Rent merely covers mortgage; no excess cash benefits Father; cash-flow neutral. | No abuse of discretion — cash-flow analysis supports exclusion. |
| Should personal perquisites be included as income? | Value of personal use of car, phone, possibly pension, should raise imputed income. | Unclear business vs. personal use; claimed mostly business; pension may be mandatory. | Trial court erred — must value perquisites and add to income; remanded. |
| Was Mother’s settlement properly annualized as income? | Lump sum supports her entire lifetime, not just until child’s majority. | Court acted within discretion in annualizing until child’s adulthood. | No abuse of discretion — method was within trial court's discretion. |
Key Cases Cited
- Labar v. Labar, 731 A.2d 1252 (Pa. 1999) (Obligor’s available cash flow, not taxable income, governs support calculations)
- Fennell v. Fennell, 753 A.2d 866 (Pa. Super. 2000) (Business owner must show income retention is necessary for business to avoid additional support)
- Mascaro v. Mascaro, 803 A.2d 1186 (Pa. 2002) (Personal perquisites from a business may be imputed as support income)
- Sichelstiel v. Sichelstiel, 272 A.3d 530 (Pa. Super. 2022) (Standard of review in support order appellate proceedings)