Forrester v. State
315 Ga. App. 1
Ga. Ct. App.2012Background
- Forrester was convicted by a jury of three counts of forgery in the first degree and one count of theft by deception.
- Evidence showed she leased a rental house in Flowery Branch, signed a lease, and paid with three money orders totaling $2,760 and later attempted additional payment with a $2,000 check that was not cashed.
- The money orders were later dishonored as counterfeit and police were contacted.
- The State relied on bank records and stamps marking counterfeitness as proof of forgery, and on venue for the theft charge.
- The trial court admitted the counterfeit stamps as business records and allowed a signed acknowledgment to go with the jury; the defense objected to the continuing witness rule.
Issues
| Issue | Plaintiff's Argument | Defendant's Argument | Held |
|---|---|---|---|
| Venue for forgery in Hall County established? | Forrester | Forrester | Yes; Hall County venue was established. |
| Whether Forrester lacked authority to possess/deliver counterfeit money orders | Forrester lacked authority | Counterfeit status unexplained; no authority shown | Convictions reversed for forgery (lack of authority not proven). |
| Admissibility of counterfeit stamps as business records and Confrontation Clause impact | Stamps admissible as business records | Stamp conclusions by third party improper | Reversed forgery convictions due to improper admission and lack of foundation. |
| Whether signed acknowledgment accompanying jury deliberations was proper under continuing witness rule | Should have been excluded | Not a confession; original documentary evidence | Admission proper; no error. |
Key Cases Cited
- Bowen v. State, 304 Ga.App. 819 (2010) (venue proof and county as essential element in criminal venue)
- Ross v. State, 298 Ga.App. 525 (2009) (business records foundation and admissibility of copies with stamps)
- Miller v. State, 266 Ga. 850 (1996) (confrontation clause limits on hearsay with third-party conclusions)
- Kesler v. State, 249 Ga. 462 (1982) (hearsay and business records limitations)
- Davis v. State, 285 Ga. 343 (2009) (continuing witness rule)
