87 So. 3d 765
Fla.2012Background
- Delta contested a tax deed after notice was mailed to an old address and returned undeliverable, leading to a sale to Profile.
- Profile had sought a tax deed after Delta failed to redeem a 1997 tax certificate; notice listed Delta’s old address from the 1999 roll.
- Clerk mailed notice to the old address; notice was undeliverable, and sale proceeded in September 2000.
- Delta claimed the Clerk should have checked the latest assessment roll and updated Delta’s address before mailing, per Delta II rule.
- The First District initially held law-of-the-case barred consideration of the updated-notice argument, then later decisions remanded for factual resolution.
- The Florida Supreme Court reversed, holding Jones and Vosilla apply and the Clerk must take extra steps when certified mail fails, invalidating the tax deed.
Issues
| Issue | Plaintiff's Argument | Defendant's Argument | Held |
|---|---|---|---|
| Law-of-the-case barred consideration of new notice issue? | Delta argues law-of-the-case does not bar undecided issues. | Profile argues the First District correctly applied the law-of-the-case doctrine. | Law-of-the-case does not bar undecided issues. |
| Is due process satisfied when certified mail is returned undeliverable without further steps? | Delta contends Jones/Vosilla require additional steps to notify. | Profile asserts statutory notice suffices without extra steps. | Clerk must take additional reasonable steps; notice was constitutionally deficient. |
| Did the Clerk have to consult the latest assessment roll to update Delta’s address? | Delta contends the Clerk should have checked the latest roll and updated address. | Profile argues the 2000 roll was unavailable or not required. | Jones/Vosilla require considering updated addresses when reasonably ascertainable; in this record, sufficient basis to remand for factual resolution. |
| Does proper notice invalidate the tax deed if steps were not taken after undelivered notice? | Delta asserts the deed is invalid due to inadequate notice. | Profile contends the deed remains valid under statutory notice requirements. | Tax deed invalid; clerk’s inaction after undelivered notice violated due process. |
Key Cases Cited
- Jones v. Flowers, 547 U.S. 220 (U.S. Supreme Court 2006) (notice sent by certified mail returned undeliverable; requires additional steps)
- Vosilla v. Rosado, 944 So.2d 289 (Fla. 2006) (clerks must notify titleholders when address is known to be incorrect)
- Juliano, 801 So.2d 101 (Fla. 2001) (law-of-the-case limits; issues actually decided govern later stages)
- Mullane v. Central Hanover Bank & Trust Co., 339 U.S. 306 (U.S. Supreme Court 1950) (due process and notice must be reasonably calculated to apprise interested parties)
- U.S. Concrete Pipe Co. v. Bould, 437 So.2d 1061 (Fla. 1983) (law-of-the-case limited to issues actually decided on appeal)
- Jones v. Flowers, 547 U.S. 220 (U.S. Supreme Court 2006) (see above (duplicate for emphasis of Jones holding))
