450 P.3d 682
Wyo.2019Background
- Delcon Partners, LLC purchased $1,150,000 of assets from an HVAC business (Seller) but did not buy Seller’s cash, checking/savings accounts, accounts receivable, promissory notes, or pre-closing amounts due (excluded assets totaled $3,010,602).
- Parties agreed Delcon acquired roughly 28% of Seller’s assets/value located in Wyoming.
- Delcon asked the Department of Revenue whether the sale fell under the § 39-15-101(a)(vii)(N) 80% business-sale exemption from the definition of “sale” (and thus from sales tax).
- The Department concluded the exemption applies only where a purchaser buys all or not less than 80% of the value of all assets located in the state; because Delcon bought only 28%, the transaction was taxable.
- The Wyoming Board of Equalization affirmed; the district court certified the issue to the Wyoming Supreme Court, which affirmed the agency rulings.
Issues
| Issue | Plaintiff's Argument | Defendant's Argument | Held |
|---|---|---|---|
| Whether a purchase of less than 80% of a seller’s assets is excluded from the definition of “sale” under Wyo. Stat. § 39-15-101(a)(vii)(N) (so as to be exempt from sales tax) | The statute should be read to exclude cash/receivables and to apply to nonretail asset transfers of substantially all tangible assets; literal reading is absurd and encourages form-over-substance planning | The statute is unambiguous: the exemption applies only where buyer purchases all or not less than 80% of the value of all assets located in Wyoming; cash and receivables are assets | The court held the statute is plain: it requires purchase of ≥80% of the value of all assets located in the state (including cash and receivables). Because Delcon bought ~28%, the exemption does not apply; the sale is taxable. |
Key Cases Cited
- Wyodak Res. Dev. Corp. v. Wyoming Dept. of Revenue, 387 P.3d 725 (Wyo. 2017) (agency-review standards for certified cases)
- Camacho v. State ex rel. Dep’t of Workforce Servs., 448 P.3d 834 (Wyo. 2019) (questions of law in agency decisions reviewed de novo)
- Mattheis Co. v. Town of Jackson, 444 P.3d 1268 (Wyo. 2019) (interpretation focuses on plain and ordinary meaning to effect legislative intent)
- Seherr-Thoss v. Teton County Bd. of County Comm’rs, 329 P.3d 936 (Wyo. 2014) (courts must not add exceptions or rewrite statutes for perceived fairness)
- City of Casper v. Holloway, 354 P.3d 65 (Wyo. 2015) (avoid interpretations that render statutory language meaningless or produce absurd results)
