867 F.3d 42
1st Cir.2017Background
- Seaside and Erikon became 50/50 co-investors in the Christopher Columbus Landing Project (1998 public deed obligating equal distribution of Project expenses).
- In 2006 Seaside and Erikon contracted to sell the Project to Caribbean; as part of that sale both agreed to execute mutual releases.
- Seaside executed a broad release in December 2006 discharging Erikon from any claims "arising out of or relating to [the Project]" and promising never to sue Erikon for events occurring before or after the release.
- In 2013 Seaside demanded reimbursement from Erikon for Project expenses and, after Erikon refused, sued in diversity (May 2013) alleging breach of the 1998 deed and claiming over $3 million.
- Erikon moved for summary judgment on the ground the 2006 release barred Seaside’s claim; Seaside argued the release did not cover claims that had not yet accrued and that the release was void for lack of consideration because Erikon failed to execute a reciprocal release.
- The district court held the release was clear and unambiguous, covered the suit, and was supported by sufficient consideration; it granted summary judgment for Erikon and dismissed the suit with prejudice. The First Circuit affirmed.
Issues
| Issue | Plaintiff's Argument | Defendant's Argument | Held |
|---|---|---|---|
| Whether the 2006 release covers Seaside’s 2013 claim for unpaid Project expenses | The claim did not exist in 2006; release could not waive future-refusal-based claims | Release expressly waived all claims "arising out of or relating to [the Project]" including suits from events occurring after execution | Release unambiguously covers Seaside’s suit; waiver applies to claims arising from the Project, even if enforced later |
| Whether the release is void for lack of consideration because Erikon did not execute a reciprocal release | Seaside contends lack of Erikon’s performance (no reciprocal release) means no consideration, so release is void | Mutual promises to execute releases (and other benefits from the sale) constitute sufficient consideration under Puerto Rico law | Release was supported by sufficient consideration (mutual promise to release; sale proceeds and other benefits also supplied consideration); Seaside failed to prove lack of consideration |
| Whether material factual disputes precluded summary judgment | Seaside claimed disputed facts about intent/consideration | Erikon maintained the release text and documentary record controlled; consideration is legal, not factual, here | No disputed material facts identified that would defeat summary judgment; court applied de novo review and affirmed |
Key Cases Cited
- United States ex rel. Booker v. Pfizer, Inc., 847 F.3d 52 (1st Cir. 2017) (standards for summarizing district-court factual recitations on appeal)
- Exec. Leasing Corp. v. Banco Popular de Puerto Rico, 48 F.3d 66 (1st Cir. 1995) (clear contract language controls; literal stipulations enforced)
- Adria Int'l Grp., Inc. v. Ferré Dev., Inc., 241 F.3d 103 (1st Cir. 2001) (under Puerto Rico law, valid consideration includes any licit benefit or mutual promises)
- United States v. Pérez, 528 F. Supp. 206 (D.P.R. 1981) (mutual promises can constitute consideration)
